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Can molecular markers be used effectively ingrape (Vitis vinifera) breeding programmes?

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  1. Tez No: 720124
  2. Yazar: İSMAİL ERYILMAZ
  3. Danışmanlar: Belirtilmemiş.
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Grapevine breeding, molecular markers, RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, SRAP, SNP
  7. Yıl: 2020
  8. Dil: İngilizce
  9. Üniversite: The University of Reading
  10. Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 83

Özet

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Özet (Çeviri)

Various significant improvements in molecular biology have brought many advantages to plant breeding. As conventional plant breeding methods are timeconsuming and costly, molecular techniques are rapidly becoming more popular in crop science. Molecular marker techniques that have been used in plant breeding are one of the most important methods for saving time, effort, and money. Molecular markers that are being used in crop science include such approaches as fingerprinting, gene mapping, genetic resources, and markerassisted selection (MAS). They are also widely used in plant disease resistance breeding programmes that aim to provide plants with resistance to diseases and to select resistant plants. Grapevine, which is grown in many parts of the world, is one the oldest cultivars and are considerably affected by diseases such as the powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator and downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. This research will attempt to evaluate certain molecular markers, namely random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), in terms of their accuracies, usefulness, and effectiveness in implementing in grapevine disease-resistant breeding programmes. This thesis considers how these markers can be implemented in grapevine breeding programmes and evaluates these marker techniques via case studies using one or some of these markers. Consequently, the RAPD and ISSR marker techniques have been found to be moderately cheap, easy to implement, and useful in breeding research, though their accuracy and reproducibility are relatively low. The AFLP technique is relatively expensive in terms of development and running x processes, but has attracted it attracts attention due to its high reproducibility and suitability for automation. SRAP markers are low cost, useful and easy to apply. Additionally, these four markers do not require prior the sequence information needed for primer design, which makes them attractive. SNP that is one of the latest marker techniques is highly reproducible, reliable, and fast. On the other hand, it requires prior sequence information and is high cost. Even though each molecular marker has its own advantages and disadvantages, they have been used in plant breeding programmes according to the purposes of the associated studies.

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