Geothermal resource assessment and reservoir modelingwith an application to Kavaklidere Geothermal Field, Turkey
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 723832
- Danışmanlar: PROF. FRED AMİNZADEH
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Mühendisliği, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2018
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of Southern California
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 91
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Özet (Çeviri)
This thesis presents the background of conventional geothermal energy and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), comparison of volumetric resource assessments and a reservoir model with an application to the Kavaklidere geothermal field, Turkey. The significant advantages of geothermal energy resources are reducing the local contributions to global climate change and making use of indigenous resources to deal with the foreign source dependency. Turkey is rich in geothermal energy and has evergrowing geothermal developments over the last decade. The Kavaklidere field, covering a 126 km2 area in Manisa province, Turkey, is the current target for both conventional geothermal and EGS (enhanced/engineered geothermal system) field development. The field holds Turkey's highest geothermal resource temperature, which was recorded as 287°C at 2750 m depth by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) in 2011. Geothermal reserve estimation, in general, is the critical part of reservoir engineering to have some predictions about the producibility of the reserve. The USGS (United States Geologic Survey) (1978) and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2006) volumetric 'heat in place' methods together with Monte Carlo simulation are widely used for assessing the electrical capacity of a geothermal reservoir. Garg and Combs (2015) show that these methods overestimate the results because they use arbitrarily chosen reference temperature and thermal power conversion efficiency values for their estimations without taking the second law of thermodynamics (exergy) and the installed power cycle system into consideration. Garg and Combs (2015) proposed a new method, by reformulating USGS volumetric method, that recoverable heat must be derived by considering specific power cycles, i.e., single-flash or binary. The EGS technical and economical electricity production potential of Turkey (3–5 km) is expected to be 25 GWe in the next 25 years (Mertoglu et.al. 2015). The latest development in EGS technology is multizonal stimulation, which is the ability to create multiple permeable zones by hydroshearing in a single well and increase the amount of produced energy from the well by a factor of two or more (Petty et al., 2013). In this thesis, first of all, volumetric estimations of power generation potential based on USGS, MIT and Garg and Combs (2015) have been evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation with different development scenarios for the Kavaklidere geothermal field. Applying by Garg and Combs (2015) method, the electric power capacity of the field is estimated as 182.3 MWe with 90% probability for the conventional v hydrothermal case, and as 54.8 MWe with 90% probability for EGS case. Sensitivity analysis for both cases shows that recovery factor, reservoir area, and thickness have the biggest impact on net power output among the other input parameters. Secondly, the existing conditions, such as downhole temperature and pressure and rock density, are incorporated by using the reservoir simulator TOUGH2 via the graphical interface PetraSim. The hydrothermal reservoir is shown for 5-spot well patterns in order to estimate the thermal energy from the production well and demonstrate the temperature change of the reservoir for a 30-year period. The EGS reservoir with the assumptions and different stimulation scenarios is shown for triplet well pattern to determine the thermal energy output of the production wells. Also, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is calculated by using GETEM (Geothermal Electricity Technology Evaluation Model) for both hydrothermal and EGS.
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