Çağdaş mimarlıkta anlam sorununun fenomenolojik yorumu
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75595
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. ALPER ÜNLÜ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 88
Özet
ÖZET Eskiden şehirlerimizde kendiliğinden oluşmuş bir üst dil sayesinde toplum kendine ait mekanlar örgütlerdi. Ancak şehir sosyal ve kültürel servetim kaybedince sakinleri olmayan mahalleler yaratılmış, konuşulan dil ile yaşanılan mekan arasındaki bağ kopmuştur. Bu anlam kargaşası neticesinde, XX. Yüzyıl başlarında ideal olana ulaşma yolunda özü görüleme üzerine çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Hazırlanan tezde, varoluş ve fenomenoloji kaynaklı felsefelere ait varlık çalışmalarından yola çıkılarak, mekan ve çağdaş mimarlıktaki anlam üzerine bir yorum yapılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, varlık üzerine yapılan her değişik çalışmanın farklı bir mimari akıma sebep olduğu ve doğrunun tasarımda değil yargıda bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. I. Bölüm' de kaybedilen kültürel değerler sonucu ortaya çıkan anlam sorunu belirlenmiş ve konunun genel bir tanımı yapılmıştır. II. Bölüm'de, varlık üzerine bir inceleme yapılmış, real varlık ne olursa olsun onun özünü oluşturanın, onu sarmalayan irreal varlıkta bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Varlığın zamana olan bağımlılığı ve Heidegger, estetik varlık çözümlemesinde Baumgarten, Gadamer, Hartmann, ideal varlık çözümlemesinde ise, Brentano, Husserl ve Hegel felsefeleri incelenmiştir. III. Bölüm'de, sözsüz iletişim açısından mekansal anlamın yorumu yapılmıştır. Konu semiotik anlam ve sembolik anlam olarak incelenmiştir. IV. Bölüm'de, mekansal anlamın yorumu, yapılan varlık çalışması ışığında çağdaş mimarlık örnekleri ile incelenmiştir. Konu, kendi içinde, 1) yapısal özler, 2) tarihsel özler, 3) yapı-çözüm, olarak kendi içinde üç bölümde araştırılmıştır. V. Bölüm'de ise tezin sonuçlan saptanmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY Cities are not simplistic homogeneous communities with single-minded purposes, those are military camps or company towns or urban communities. Cities are places where people both compete and cooperate with one another. And regardless of the differences among their citizens, cities always define their community, as against the outside world; a settlement with internal defense walls cannot be called a true community. In early XX.th Century, the common language that is spoken in the cities is spoiled. Architecture was not his language. This thesis is a criticism about the meaning of the space by observing the being, the examples of the contemporary architecture. The first chapter comprises a general definition of the thesis. Chapter two is about the“being”. This chapter may be called the skeleton of the thesis. First of all,“being”is observed in an ontological way and found its categories in Hartmann. The most important one of the problem explained in the Heidegger's thesis“Being & Time”. The movement of existence is not the motion of something present at hand. It is definable in terms of the way dasein stretches along. The specific movement in which dasein is stretched along and stretches itself along, we call its historizing. The question of daseins connectedness is the ontological problem of daseins historizing. To lay bare the structure of historizing and the existential temporal condition of it possibility, signifies that one has achieved an ontological understanding of historicity. After observation of dasein, the meaning criticism of the being is investigated. The meaning is in the idea of the being. The real being carries the meaning on it with the sphere surrounding it that is irreal being, is classified by two categories, 1) aesthetic being, 2) ideal being. VIBecause of the aesthetic liturgy proclaim Baumgarten as the discipline's father, his aesthetics and the main problem of being, hermeneutic is investigated with Gadamer. Both philosophers reveal extraordinary parallels. It is not just that Baumgarten is the supposed father of that tradition which Gadamer seeks to overcome which links them but their mutual attempt to assert to legitimacy of aesthetic truth in the face of monopolistic claims of science upon the nature of truth. Also both thinkers suggest that the constructive ability of aesthetics experience to form discrete perceptual elements. Into wholes in an essential prelude to analytic thought. For existential phenomenology, significance is prior to analytic fact. Briefly, Baumgarten as a practising poet, Gadamer as a reader and critic. Then the chapter lasted with the observation of the ideal being and the ways of finding and reaching it by using the method of phenomenology. Brentano, Husserl and Hegel's thesis is investigated. They all tell about the mind and the mind era. Brentano says reality is not in the design or in the being, the reality is in the mind and in the idea. Reduction is important for the Husserl's phenomenology. And in Hegel's phenomenology, deformation is the main problem. The contemporary architecture is linked with these philosopher's ideas. The third chapter is about the study of the meaning of the built environment and the nonverbal communication approach. Using models based on nonverbal communication that come from anthropology, psychology, and ethnology. These have been least used in studying environmental meaning. From a more theoretical perspective, it would appear that environmental meaning can be studied in at two major ways, 1) Using linguistic models, mainly based on semiotics. These are currently the most common, semiotics, as the study of the significance of elements of structured system, can also be understood, as comprising two major important components. These are, a) syntactics: the relationship of sign to sign within a system of signs, that is, the study of structure of the system. b) semantics: the relation of signs to things signified, that is, how signs carry meanings, the property of the elements. 2) Relying on the study of symbols. These are the most traditional. VIIThe last chapter is about the investigation of the meaning in the contemporary architecture. This observation is about“the being”again and the chapter begins with the“cogito”of Decartes. The phenomens are observed in three major ways, 1) structural ideas, 2) historical ideas, 3) de-constructio The structural ideals is directly about the modernism paradigm and about Platon and Kant aesthetics. Structural ideas are mostly about mathematics and mechanics. The reality is empirical and phenomenal in Kant. With the ideas of these philosophers Cesanne begins to paint natural things in cubic forms and this causes cubism. Then, de-stijl, purism and constructivism follows it. The aesthetic ideology of de-stijl is about the kinetic ritms of dynamic forms. Mondrian's work is symbolised the idea of“less is more”, caused the total rasyonalism and purism. Constructivism first made its appearance as a well defined movement in Russian art at the time of the creation of“The Institude of Artistic Culture”in Moscow. The programme set to study the basic analytic and synthetic elements as separate branches of art. (pic.l. An elevated structure revealing the crude girder elements of the supports. An exaggerated detachment of the foreground, and stylized coloring of the architectural composition beyond.) VIIIThe chemistry of architecture is a fascination with historic icons, philosophical allusions and geometric orders. We can ponder the fascination that Wittgenstein's one excursion into architecture has for us: not enough to note objectively that a none too exceptional modernist structure with some quite straight forward characteristics must be chewed over from window to window, corner to corner, so as to absorb the thoughts and significances and then conclude that, after all architecture was not his language. Because of the paradigm of modernism is about thing, phenomen and a search of idea, makes itself an idea, so the architecture becomes a method, causes the repetations. But this was not the guilt of the philosophy of phenomenology or the aesthetics of Platon. This is the problem of architecture itself, as the others has human being in their formula.“So if the meaning is not in a form so where is it?' is the main question of the thesis. Historical ideas is about dasein, Gadamerian problem and also with the Heidegger's thesis, ”Being & Time“. Proust uses the character not only the character, it is also the mind of the time. He uses the time extraordinary ways, never in order. The archetypes and the prototype degeneration of the classic is important for the subject. Rossi and Meier's architecture with the use of archetypes within the collective mind is the reflection of dasein in architecture. (pic.2. Kresge Koleji, California Üniversitesi, Santa Cruz, Charles Moore, 1973) IXDe-construction as a mode of interpretation works by a careful and circumspect entering of each textual labyrinth. Jacques Derrida, the originator and namer of de-construction, by mostly use of the thesis of Hegel's phenomenology. The meaning is always in deformation in the text and never be grasped. So, briefly an ideology derived from the philosophies of deconstruction (Derrida) and phenomenology (Hegel) forms the basis for deconstructive architecture. (pic.3. Carnegie-Mellon Research Institude, Peter EISENMANN) These are the ideas is observed within the architecture and as a result the meaning of architecture is always about with ”the being". The search of it always in different ways and these ways causes different paradigms and philosophies. The importance of the thesis can not be completed because the subject is about the time and being that are changeable.
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