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İki bauhaus tasarımcısı Wilhelm Wagenfeld ve Marianne Brandt'ın incelenmesi

A Research about two bauhaus designers: Wilhelm Wagenfeld and Marianne Brandt

  1. Tez No: 83125
  2. Yazar: M. YİĞİT TUĞCUOĞLU
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. FİLİZ ÖZER
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1999
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 142

Özet

ÖZET İKİ BAUHAUS TASARIMCISI WILHELM WAGENFELD VE MARIANNE BRANDT'IN İNCELENMESİ Bu çalışmanın amacı, iki önemli Alman tasarımcısı, Wilhem Wagenfeld ile Marianne Brandf in mesleki kariyerlerinin incelenmesidir. Bu iki tasanmcının kariyerlerinin incelenebilmesi için, önce endüstriyel tasanm konusunda ilk kez eğitim aldıkları Bauhaus okulunu hazırlayan fikirsel temellerin incelenmesi gerekliydi. 19. yy*ın geç ve 20.yy"ın erken akım ve örgütlenmeleri ana hatlanyla incelenerek bunların Bauhaus fikrinin hazırlanmasındaki etkileri ortaya çıkarıldı. Daha sonra Marianne Brandt ve Wilhem Wagenfeld'in kariyerlerinde ve tasarım anlayışlarında ne tür etkileri olduğunu anlayabilmek için, Bauhaus okulu ana hatlanyla incelendi. İki tasanmcının ayn ayn incelenirken, Bauhaus'un etkilerinin anlaşılabilmesi için, bu incelemeler üç dönem üzerinden değerlendirildi: Bauhaus öncesi çalışmaları, Bauhaus dönemi çalışmalan ve Bauhaus sonrası çalışmaları. Son olarak da Bauhaus okulunun etkileri, iki tasrımcının Bauhaus sonrası faliyet gösterdikleri iki ayn ortamda değerlendirildi. vıu

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY A RESEARCH ABOUT TWO BAUHAUS DESIGNERS: WILHELM WAGENFELD AND MARIANNE BRANDT Industrial design is a new area that only occured at the 19th century by the beginning of the mass production. Until the end of 19th century, the daily used goods were produced by crafts and in traditional ways. By the industrial revolution, thousands of goods from mass production were presented to unidentified clients which caused discussions of the forms of the goods. The initial reactions were to produce these goods with the help of the experiences from past. The defenders of this idea did find the forms of antique and classic periods 'perfect* and therefore belived that these should be used in new age. These ornaments first were realised at daily used intruments. The technological goods (vacuum cleaner, etc.) produced by industrial production were designed by engineers, there were no designers. The first reaction to this approach was from Arts and Crafts Movement in England. The leader of Arts and Crafts Movement, William Morris, defendet that vernecular products should be the base the design instead of the classic forms. Another oppinion of William Morris of that production should have been done forwarding traditional ways, because industrial production estranged human to product and production. IXFollowing the new reaction, Arts and Crafts schools were opened over Europe and the thought were spread quickly. Another trend in France Art Nouveau. According to Art Nouveau, design should refer to nature. This trend also focused on the variation of ornaments. Therefore it could not break from Craffs production. The most important property was its effort to redefine the references of design in new age. Afterwards Art Nouveau was spread and was formed according the cultural and sociological properties of societies. In the beginning of 20th century the besides searching for new solutions from crafts to desing problems in new century, solutions from arts also were started to be searched. The movements like Cubism, Expressionism started discussion of the meaning and concept of art The discussions while defending the formation of explanation of Cubism to be in an objective an mathematical way, Exprssionism belived that these explanations should be in instictive and sensitive. Both approaches refused trends forwarding past like Art Nouveau and offered a new point of wiev. The effects of Expressionism and Cubism are first seemed in architecture, then ideologically in industrial design. The influation Expressionism held the expression of product through the designers inner world. Cubism besides offered a more rational approach. Two movements questioned 'art were Futurism and Dada. Futurism came out in Italy. The movement leaded by Filippo Marinetti, criticized art to be away from reality. The movement especially influenced architecture, urbanisation and poetry; Also influenced the movements refusing the past based references and individualist approaches, like Dada, Costructivism and De Stijl.Dada Movement started after 1st World War, while inquiry of nihilist artists. Their aim was to criticise and refuse art by making art. Another importance was its creation of a new explanation by starting“photomontage”. Deutscher Werkbund Movement was founded to focus only needs of industrial developments in Germany. Hermann Muthesius worked on Arts & Crafts in England that ended up in creation of an international taste to sell German products entirely. Deutscher Werkbund prepared an important base for Bauhaus to create machine aesthetics in Germany. De Stijl came out in Holland. The members of De Stijl also refused the influation of past in architecture and industrial design and were looking for a new and modern way. They were mostly influenced by Cubism and Futurism. Constructivism came out in Russia. Especially after the revolution, aimed a new functional view in new age and new society. The admire of Futurists to machine also influenced Constructivists. Constructivists were also influenced by Cubism and Dada. Cubism believed in objective universal system. And what they took from Dada were to refuse art and photomontage technics. In 1919, Bauhaus was founded in order to create new method of education. The objective of Bauhaus is to functionally combine Arts & Crafts under architecture. During first years there was mostly the influation of Expressionism. For better design crafts ands perception of expression of inner world was basic. But following the Constructivist's was replaced by industrial production and objective expression. Especially the last period of Bauhaus was mostly industrial focused to industrial purposed works. After the definite closing of Bauhaus, the members spread over the world and worked in different areas. XIWilhelm Wagenfeld and Marianne Brandt were two important names of industrial design in Bauhaus. Both became industrial designers in Bauhaus and created Bauhaus' well-known designs. Wilhelm Wagenfeld was educated in Arts & Crafts and hence lived a productive life. In addition living in West Germany provided him a lot of opportunities. Competition provided designers better opportunities. It was open to market innovation. Mananne Brandt stayed in East Germany therefore did not have opportunities. Production was not renovated offten. A questioning brain was also not reqiured. She was an artist in addition, she was bored and stopped working most of the time. The after Bauhaus of Wagenfeld and Brandt's carriers can be understood when looked into Bauhaus effects. In western world; USA and Germany, after second World War Bauhaus found areas of influation in economical difficulties. Big companies, turn to functional and simple production after bauhaus. But where at the same time in east bauhaus was refused because of being bourgeois art. xu

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