Hava üstünlüğü sağlamak için insansız hava araçlarının konuşlandırılması
Unmanned aerial vehicles positioning for air superiority
- Tez No: 869254
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. İREM UÇAL SARI
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Savunma ve Savunma Teknolojileri, Defense and Defense Technologies
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2024
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Savunma Teknolojileri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Savunma Teknolojileri Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 139
Özet
Geçmişten günümüze devletler kendi çıkarını önceleme, üstünlük kurma, statükonun muhafazası, dini, millî, siyasi ve ekonomik gibi çok farklı sebeplerden dolayı kendi varlık bütünlüklerini korumak amacıyla savunma sistemlerini genişletmeye ve geliştirmeye çalışmışlardır. Ülkeler arasındaki çatışmalarda üstünlük kurmayı sağlayan en önemli etkenlerden biri savunma sanayinde yapmış oldukları teknolojik atılımlar ve sahip oldukları savunma sistemleridir. Savunma sanayinde; Kara Savunma Sistemleri, Deniz Savunma Sistemleri ve Hava Savunma Sistemleri olmak üzerine çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Hava savunma sistemleri operasyonel yarıçapının fazla olması sebebiyle ülkelerin birbiri üzerinde üstünlük kurma yarışında önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Hava Savunması sisteminin bir parçası olan hava araçları ilk olarak 1. Dünya savaşında keşif ve gözetleme için amacıyla kullanılmıştır ve savaşta düşman unsura karşı ciddi bir avantaj elde edilmesine, savaşta düşman unsurların bir adım önüne geçilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Savaşta taraflardan birini avantajlı konuma getirmesi üzerine havacılık sektöründeki gelişmeler hız kazanmıştır. Görev icra edilecek bölgeye daha kısa sürede ulaşabilecek, yer tarafından gelebilecek saldırılardan daha hızlı kaçabilecek hızlı hava araçları tasarlanmaya başlanmıştır. Tasarımlar sonucunda ortaya çıkan hızlı hava araçları ile daha kısa sürede gözetleme yapılarak daha fazla bilgi toplanmaya başlanmıştır. Sonrasında hava araçlarına mühimmatlar entegre edilerek hava araçlarının taarruz misyonu kazanması da sağlanmıştır. Mühimmat teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle de hava araçlarının harekât yarıçapları ve yetkinlikleri artırılmıştır. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle hava araçları insansız hale getirilmiştir. İnsansız savaş uçaklarında, pilotun bulunmaması pilotların can kaybı riskini ortadan kaldırmıştır. Hava araçlarının görev etkinlikleri artırılmıştır. İnsansız hava araçları olası bir tehlike durumunda savunma maksadıyla dost unsurları korumak, kıymetli unsurları korumak, stratejik altyapıları korumak vb. gibi birçok farklı görev tipinde kullanılabilmektedir. Türkiye'de Havacılık Savunma Sanayi kapsamında üretimi yapılan birçok yerli İnsansız Hava Aracı bulunmaktadır. Bu hava araçları Türkiye'nin hava sahasını korumak, hava savunma etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye'nin tehdit unsurlara karşı hava üstünlüğünü veya hava eşliği sağlamak maksadıyla, insansız hava araçlarının farklı bölgelere farklı miktarda konuşlandırılması gerekmektedir. Hangi bölgelerde kaç adet hangi tipte insansız hava aracı konumlandırılması olası bir tehdit durumunda savunmanın sağlanabilmesi için önemlidir. Bu tezde insansız hava araçlarının konumlandırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar değerlendirilmiş ve matematiksel modeller ile hava üstünlüğünü sağlamak için insansız hava araçları en uygun şekilde konuşlandırılmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
From the past to the present, states have endeavored to expand and enhance their defense systems in order to preserve their territorial integrity for various reasons such as prioritizing their interests, establishing superiority, maintaining the status quo, and religious, national, political, and economic concerns. Technological advancements and the defense systems they possess are among the most significant factors enabling states to establish superiority in conflicts between nations. Studies in defense industry focus on Land Defense Systems, Naval Defense Systems, and Air Defense Systems. Technological advancements and defense systems possessed have been crucial factors in gaining superiority in interstate conflicts, with air defense systems being among the most important. Geopolitical dynamics, along with international security and strategic balances, have increased the significance of the air defense industry. The rapid evolution of aviation technologies has become a fundamental necessity in ensuring the security of international airspace and strengthening defense strategies. Air defense systems not only protect a country's territorial integrity but also become a strategic factor influencing regional and global power balances. Due to their extensive operational range, air defense systems play a critical role in the race for superiority on the international stage. As part of the Air Defense System, aircraft were used for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes during World War I, providing a significant advantage against enemy elements and advancing in warfare. With the advent of warfare, the need for technologies that provide an advantage in conflicts led to the rapid development of warplanes. For instance, the use of warplanes with low operational altitude in the early days prompted developments to counter threats from the ground. Aviation sector advancements accelerated as the ability to position aircraft quickly to a designated area and swiftly fend off ground attacks became essential. The emergence of fast aircraft facilitated faster reconnaissance and data gathering. Subsequently, integrating armaments onto aircraft provided them with offensive capabilities. The development of munitions technologies further enhanced the operational range and capabilities of aircraft. With technological advancements, aircraft were unmanned. Warplanes in the latest technology are being unmanned and endowed with autonomous decision-making capabilities through artificial intelligence. The absence of pilots in unmanned combat aerial vehicles eliminates the risk of pilot losses, thereby increasing the mission effectiveness of aircraft. Unmanned aerial vehicles are more cost-effective than manned combat aircraft. Eliminating the presence of pilots eradicates the continuous training costs allocated for pilots and mitigates the risk of losing competent pilots. In situations where human life is at stake, such as high-risk scenarios, the possibility of losing human life and the possibility of pilots choosing not to engage are eliminated with the unmanned conversion of combat aircraft. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for defense purposes against potential threats in various mission types, including protecting friendly forces, safeguarding valuable assets, and securing strategic infrastructure. In Turkey, many indigenous From the past to the present, states have endeavored to expand and enhance their defense systems in order to preserve their territorial integrity for various reasons such as prioritizing their interests, establishing superiority, maintaining the status quo, and religious, national, political, and economic concerns. Technological advancements and the defense systems they possess are among the most significant factors enabling states to establish superiority in conflicts between nations. Studies in defense industry focus on Land Defense Systems, Naval Defense Systems, and Air Defense Systems. Technological advancements and defense systems possessed have been crucial factors in gaining superiority in interstate conflicts, with air defense systems being among the most important. Geopolitical dynamics, along with international security and strategic balances, have increased the significance of the air defense industry. The rapid evolution of aviation technologies has become a fundamental necessity in ensuring the security of international airspace and strengthening defense strategies. Air defense systems not only protect a country's territorial integrity but also become a strategic factor influencing regional and global power balances. Due to their extensive operational range, air defense systems play a critical role in the race for superiority on the international stage. As part of the Air Defense System, aircraft were used for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes during World War I, providing a significant advantage against enemy elements and advancing in warfare. With the advent of warfare, the need for technologies that provide an advantage in conflicts led to the rapid development of warplanes. For instance, the use of warplanes with low operational altitude in the early days prompted developments to counter threats from the ground. Aviation sector advancements accelerated as the ability to position aircraft quickly to a designated area and swiftly fend off ground attacks became essential. The emergence of fast aircraft facilitated faster reconnaissance and data gathering. Subsequently, integrating armaments onto aircraft provided them with offensive capabilities. The development of munitions technologies further enhanced the operational range and capabilities of aircraft. With technological advancements, aircraft were unmanned. Warplanes in the latest technology are being unmanned and endowed with autonomous decision-making capabilities through artificial intelligence. The absence of pilots in unmanned combat aerial vehicles eliminates the risk of pilot losses, thereby increasing the mission effectiveness of aircraft. Unmanned aerial vehicles are more cost-effective than manned combat aircraft. Eliminating the presence of pilots eradicates the continuous training costs allocated for pilots and mitigates the risk of losing competent pilots. In situations where human life is at stake, such as high-risk scenarios, the possibility of losing human life and the possibility of pilots choosing not to engage are eliminated with the unmanned conversion of combat aircraft. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for defense purposes against potential threats in various mission types, including protecting friendly forces, safeguarding valuable assets, and securing strategic infrastructure. In Turkey, many indigenous including the procurement of military equipment, soldiers' salaries, training, maintenance, and operational expenses. Therefore, a nation's defense strategy should be cost-effective, meaning that the benefits provided should outweigh the costs. Additionally, the effectiveness of the defense strategy also influences the cost balance; a more expensive strategy may not necessarily be more effective. Hence, considering the cost factor is essential when determining a country's defense strategy. Unmanned aerial vehicles have become increasingly pivotal in modern defense strategies, necessitating the establishment of suitable infrastructure for their deployment. This infrastructure encompasses locations where unmanned aerial vehicles can take off and land, as well as facilities for maintenance and logistical support. The cost of airport infrastructure setup is a significant decision criterion for the effective utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles. This cost includes expenditures for constructing a suitable airport or airbase or upgrading existing facilities to meet the required standards. It encompasses the construction or enhancement of runways, hangars, maintenance facilities, fuel depots, logistical centers, and security systems. The cost of establishing adequate infrastructure for unmanned aerial vehicles deployment can constitute a substantial portion of the defense budget. Therefore, when determining a country's strategy for utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles, it is crucial to consider both these costs and the benefits that unmanned aerial vehicles can provide. Balancing cost and benefit forms the foundation of an effective deployment strategy. The air defense industry not only entails advanced technological capabilities but also fosters international collaborations and strategic partnerships. Developments in this field can have significant impacts not only on defense but also on trade, diplomatic relations, and industrial cooperation. Inter-country competition incentivizes innovation and progress in this domain, creating an important dynamic for the continuous improvement of aerospace defense systems. The air defense industry has become a decisive factor not only in a country's ability to protect its own territory but also in international relations. Today, the protection of a country's airspace holds strategic importance not only in wartime scenarios but also in a broad spectrum of contexts such as counterterrorism, cybersecurity, and crisis situations. Therefore, air defense systems and technologies are viewed as critical components for ensuring both the internal and external security of a nation. In the strategy of air defense, deterrence plays a paramount role. Demonstrating that a country's air defense system is robust and effective is crucial for deterring potential threat actors. A potent inventory of air defense assets sends a clear message that any hostile aerial incursion would result in significant consequences. This situation serves to dissuade potential aggressors from entertaining the notion of an attack and thereby contributes to the preservation of peace. The foundation of deterrence lies in inducing potential adversaries to contemplate the consequences of their aggressive actions and to opt for abstention from such actions. Consequently, a country's air defense system serves not only defensive purposes but also functions as a strategic deterrent. A strong air defense inventory operates as a coercive element against potential threat actors, thereby enhancing national security.
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