Factors of international stability after the cold war
Soğuk savaş sonrası uluslararası istikrar faktörleri
- Tez No: 86975
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. CENGİZ OKMAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1999
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Uluslararası İlişkiler (İngilizce) Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 165
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explain that the international stability after the cold war, is based on new balance of power, not on collective security. In other words the international stability is provided by power arrangements rather than global collective security organizations like the United Nations. As broadly discussed in this study, in early 1990s world leaders used clearly an idealist rhetoric, promoting international institutions, basing their expectations of peace by collective security.“Winds of change”blew across Europe and people begin to think in different ways than they used to during the cold war years. Freedom and Democracy became the most popular two words. However, what happened in the international system was a change in the balance of power. The communist bloc shattered and left a power vacuum behind. Therefore the decision makers of the time, to keep the international system stable, needed to take these power balances into consideration. This was proper to realist vision. Therefore, in the first section I explained the Realist thinking, classical and modern, and also the idealist vision in order to explain collective security. It is necessary to understand these two school of thought to make a proper analysis. Here are talking about a set of relation among units, there is a system, and stability goes together with the systemist thinking. These are also defined in the theoretical perspective. At the end of this part the pillars of the cold war stability is mentioned to provide an opportunity to make a comparision with the post cold war era. Because the new era is continuation of the past and beginnign of the next period of time. Then the developments of the late 1980s and early 1990s are explained. The indicators of the liberal and idealist approach of the decision makers is explained. The leading powers or the winners of the cold war tried mto strengthen the international organizations like the United Nations. The idea of collective security, which also gives priority to international organizations, worked for the first post cold war crisis; the Iraqi take over of Kuwait. Members of the United Nations acted in harmony to overthrow Iraqi rule in Kuwait. But the break up of the former Yugoslavia and the bloody war in Bosnia was the death of idealism and returning to political realism. United Nations failed in bringing peace to the region and the intervention of a military alliance, namely NATO and diplomatic efforts of the United States ended the war in former Yugoslavia. New security challenges are defined as destabilizing factors to understand the problems of international stability. These destabilizing factors like the European security problems, nuclear proliferation, counter balancing of Russian Federation and adaption of former communist states to international system are mainly power oriented problems and have their roots in the collapse of the Soviet Bloc. Regional conflicts, which were seen as 'ethnic' clashes, the reunion of Germany, preventing Russia's return to Eastern and Central Europe, the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear technology, international terrorism, mass popular movements and other regional problems have become major security questions. In the last section, responses of the decision makers to these destabilizing security questions are explained. The perception and efforts of decision makers to build a new stable security system is analyzed sometimes like a student of history to tell the recent facts and developments, and mostly as a student of international relations. I think the efforts of founding a stable international system lies in the stability in Europe and is centered around NATO. And US military power is playing major role in preventing spread of local conflicts into regional or global conflicts, as the Gulf War, war in Bosnia and Kosovo proved. In Bosnia European powers were reluctant to intervene militarily with the fear of own losses and waited until IVthe United States stood firm against Serbs. US was also the leading power of NATO intervention with 430 war planes operating. The prevention of the use of nuclear and biological weapons by authoritarian regimes is another important stabilizing issue in 1990s. START Agreements and Non Proliferation Treaty alone cannot reduce the risk of a nuclear war. But deterrence of second strike capability and the high cost of alternating prevents the use of these mass killing weapons.
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