Genetic-phenotypic divergences and evolution among threespine stickleback fish populations (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Iceland
İzlanda'daki üçdikenli dikenli balık (Gasterosteus aculeatus) popülasyonları arasında genetik-fenotipik farklılıklar ve evrim
- Tez No: 899972
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. MUHSİN KONUK, PROF. DR. ZOPHONİAS ODDUR JÓNSSON
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Belirtilmemiş.
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Threespine stickleback, chromosomal inversion polymorphism, Defensive traits, genetic divergence, phenotypic variation, freshwater populations
- Yıl: 2024
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Üsküdar Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 94
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Özet (Çeviri)
This thesis investigates the genotype and phenotype variations in Threespine stickleback fish focusing on their evolution along with adaptation to freshwater environments. The objective is to, first, determine genetic diversity by analyzing inversion chromosomes 1,11, and 21 and assess morphological variations among different populations. We use Hotshot DNA extraction protocol and simple PCR genotyping assay with the three designed PCR primer pairs to examine samples collected from five locations. Our results indicate a lack of inversion polymorphism in Chromosome 1 in any of the populations as they all display an inverted Marine homozygote genotype, likely due to ancestral traits. In contrast, Chromosomes 11 and 21 manifest inversion polymorphism suggesting local adaptations. Secondly, we assess phenotypic variations by studying defensive traits such as lateral plates, dorsal and pelvic spines, along with examination of gill rakers. These studied variables measurements are via IMAGEJ Software and the results are through ANOVA and Regression model tests using STATA 14.2 software. Thus, regression model tests reveal significant correlations between a few morphological traits and genomic inversions, pointing to the crucial role of genetic variation for ecological adaptation. Finally, the comparison of data from freshwater population with marine population shed light on differences in genotype frequency, reflecting distinct selection in each environment. This study emphasizes the close relationship between these particular inversions and morphology of stickleback shaping their evolution and adaptation in their habitats.
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