Gemilerin etkili gemi trafik hizmetleri raporlamaları önünde engel teşkil eden risk faktörleri
Risk factors preventing ships from effective vessel traffic service reporting
- Tez No: 915581
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. ELİF BAL BEŞİKÇİ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Denizcilik, Marine
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2024
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 124
Özet
Gemi Trafik Hizmetleri (GTH), deniz trafiğinin emniyetli ve verimli bir şekilde yönetilmesine olanak sağlayan önemli bir sistemdir. Gemilerin seyir halindeyken ve alargada düzenli raporlama yapması, yalnızca GTH sisteminin etkili çalışmasını sağlamakla kalmaz aynı zamanda denizde meydana gelebilecek olası tehlikelerin önlenmesine de katkı sunar. Ancak, gemilerden ve operasyonlardan kaynaklı birçok risk faktörü GTH raporlamalarının doğruluğunu etkileyebilir. Bu faktörler, insan hataları, mesleki bilgi noksanlığı, durum farkındalığı, materyal eksikliği ve acil durum yönetiminde oluşabilecek pek çok risk faktörünü içermektedir. Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (FMEA); üretim, otomotiv, havacılık, sağlık hizmetleri, yönetim ve denizcilik gibi geniş bir yelpazede kullanılan niteliksel veya yarı niceliksel bir risk değerlendirme yöntemidir. Bu analiz yöntemi, süreçlerde ortaya çıkabilecek olası hata türlerini, bu hataların nedenlerini ve olası etkilerini sistematik bir şekilde tanımlar. Her bir hata türü için risk puanlaması yapılarak olası hatalar için önleyici tedbirler geliştirilir ve risk seviyeleri azaltılır. FMEA, operasyonel süreçlerde tüm hata türlerini ele alarak bu hataların etkilerini belirler. Böylece ürün veya hizmet kalitesini ve güvenilirliğini artırır. Aynı zamanda, kurumsal itibara ve güvenlik kültürüne olumlu katkı sağlar. Bu çalışmada, denizcilik sektörünün hızlı değişimleri ve gelişimleri göz önüne alındığında, Türk Boğazları Raporlama Sistemleri (TÜBRAP), sektör geçiş raporlamalarının ve acil durum raporlamalarının etkinliğini engelleyen risk faktörleri üzerinde durulmuştur. İncelemeler, acentaların, gemi işletmelerinin ve gemilerin SP1 (Seyir Planı 1) raporlamalarında eksikler ve yanlışlar, SP2 (Seyir Planı 2) raporlamalarındaki hatalar, sektör geçiş raporlamalarındaki dalgınlıklar, acil durum raporlarında bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliğinden kaynaklı yapılan yanlışlıklar gibi ana unsurlar FMEA yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler, Türk Boğazları gibi yüksek yoğunluklu gemi trafiğine sahip deniz alanlarında GTH raporlama sistemlerinin emniyetli ve etkili bir şekilde işlemesi açısından risk yönetimine yönelik önemli bulgular ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, özellikle acil durum raporlamalarında yüksek oranda risk faktörleri görülmüş olup, durum farkındalığı eksikliği, bilgi ve tecrübe yetersizliği ve ticari baskı/kaygılar gibi sebeplerden kaynaklanan bu risklerin azaltılması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca, gemi kaptanları, zabitler, acentalar ve gemi işletmecilerinin Türk Boğazları Deniz Trafik Düzeni Yönetmeliği (TBDTDY) ve raporlama prosedürlerine dair bilgi düzeylerinin artırılması amacıyla eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesi gerekliliği tespit edildi. İletişim eksikliklerinin giderilmesi amacıyla Standart Denizcilik Haberleşme Cümleleri (SMCP) iletişim kalıplarının GTH gereksinimlerine göre yeniden düzenlenmesi öneriler arasındadır. Riskli gemilerin geçişlerinde, Denizcilik Genel Müdürlüğü (İdare) kılavuz kaptan ve römorkör refakati zorunluluğu getirilmesi ve raporlama süreçlerini ihlal eden gemi işletenlerine yönelik TBDTDY'de ve Limanlar Yönetmeliği'nde caydırıcı idari yaptırımların uygulanması öngörülmektedir. Çalışma, gemiler etkin GTH raporlaması önünde engel teşkil eden risk faktörlerinin azaltılmasına yönelik ciddi iyileşme sağlamasının yanı sıra seyir emniyetini artırmada önemli katkılar sunacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, mevcut raporlama süreçlerinin optimizasyonuna katkıda bulunarak, olası risklerin önceden tespiti ve yönetimi için karar destek mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesine ilişkin somut öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, GTH raporlama süreçlerinin deniz trafiği yönetiminde daha emniyetli ve sürdürülebilir bir yapıya dönüştürülmesine önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.
Özet (Çeviri)
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) is an important system that enables safe and efficient management of maritime traffic. Regular reporting by vessels while underway and on alert not only ensures the effective operation of the VTS system, but also contributes to the prevention of potential hazards at sea. However, many risk factors from ships and operations can affect the accuracy of VTS reporting. These factors include human error, lack of professional knowledge, situational awareness, lack of materials and many other risk factors that may occur in emergency management. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a qualitative or semi-quantitative risk assessment method used in a wide range of industries such as manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, healthcare, management and maritime. This analysis method systematically identifies the possible types of failures that can occur in processes, the causes and possible effects of these failures. The risk is scored for each type of failure, preventive measures are developed for possible failures and risk levels are reduced. FMEA identifies the effects of these errors by considering all types of errors in operational processes. Thus, it improves product or service quality and reliability. It also contributes positively to corporate reputation and safety culture. This study focuses on the risk factors that hinder the effectiveness of the Turkish Straits Reporting Systems (TSRS), sector transition reporting and emergency reporting, given the rapid changes and developments in the maritime sector. The investigations, the main facts such as deficiencies and inaccuracies in SP1 (Sailing Plan 1) reporting of ship agencies, masters, watchkeeping officers, ship operators and vessels, errors in SP2 (Sailing Plan 2) reporting, distractions in sector passage reporting, mistakes made due to lack of knowledge and experience in emergency reports were analyzed by FMEA method. The analyses revealed important findings on risk management for the safe and effective operation of VTS reporting systems in maritime areas with high vessel traffic such as the Turkish Straits. According to the findings, high risk factors were observed especially in emergency reporting and it was aimed to reduce these risks due to reasons such as lack of situational awareness, lack of knowledge and experience and commercial pressure/concerns. In addition, it was realized that training programs should be developed to increase the level of knowledge of masters, watchkeeping officers, agents and ship operators on the Turkish Straits Maritime Traffic Regulation (TSMTR) and reporting procedures. In order to overcome communication deficiencies, it was suggested that Standard Maritime Communication Clauses (SMCP) communication patterns should be revised according to the VTS requirements. It is proposed that the General Directorate of Maritime Affairs (Administration) should introduce the obligation of pilot and tug escort for the noncalling of risky vessels and that deterrent administrative sanctions should be applied in TBDTDY and Ports Regulation for ship operators who violate the reporting processes. The study provides a significant improvement in reducing the risk factors that constitute obstacles to effective VTS reporting, as well as making significant contributions to increase the safety of shipping. Research results contribute to the optimization of existing reporting processes and provide concrete recommendations for the development of decision support mechanisms for the early detection and management of potential risks. Therefore, this study contributes to the transformation of VTS reporting processes into a safer and more sustainable structure in maritime traffic management. It has been observed that adapting the FMEA methodology to the effective VTS reporting processes of ships contributes to a 45% improvement in methodology. The contribution of FMEA management in terms of implementation lies in providing guidance on how it can be applied to VTS reporting processes. Among the identified error types, risk factors related to emergency reporting constitute the majority at 42.7%. When examining the risk factors associated with emergency reporting, the error types identified include lack of knowledge about emergency procedures, commercial pressures/concerns, late recognition of emergencies, and failure to notify VTS in a timely manner. The underlying causes of these error types are factors such as lack of situational awareness, differences in risk perception, focusing solely on the safety of one's own ship, lack of responsibility, failure to act prudently, lack of knowledge and experience, carelessness, and negligence. Particularly in errors originating from shipmasters, officers, agents, and ship operators, factors such as commercial pressures/concerns, lack of knowledge and experience, lack of situational awareness, concerns about time and financial losses, pressure from shipowners, carelessness, and distraction increase the likelihood of these errors occurring. When examining the risk factors that hinder effective VTS reporting by ships, it has been observed that agents, ship operators, shipmasters, and navigating officers are not wellversed in the Turkish Straits Maritime Traffic Regulations and Application Guidelines, Ports Regulation, Turkish Straits VTS User Guide, COLREG 72, IALA/VTS, and SMCP reporting rules. Additionally, difficulties stemming from the reporting system specific to the Turkish Straits and the lack of full awareness of the associated risks have been identified. To minimize the risk factors hindering effective VTS reporting by ships, it is recommended to increase the knowledge and situational awareness of agents, ship operators, shipmasters, and navigating officers. This can be achieved by preparing an educational module that includes content on the importance of the Turkish Straits, VTS, traffic flow and management in the Straits, TBDTD regulations and application guidelines, Turkish Straits VTS User Guide, COLREG 72, IALA/VTS, SMCP reporting rules, and emergency response procedures. This training module should be provided as part of the IMO/STCW framework under the title of Turkish Straits Familiarization Training and be certified accordingly. xxi For situations that are difficult, very difficult, or nearly impossible to detect, as identified in the error type analysis, it is crucial to continuously remind ships passing through the Turkish Straits to strongly consider taking a pilot on board, as recommended by IMO Resolution A.827(19). In this context, it has been clearly demonstrated in the study that legal regulations mandating the compulsory use of a pilot for ships making non-stop transits through the Turkish Straits would reduce potential risks that hinder effective VTS reporting by ships and increase navigational safety. For SP1 and SP2 reports, the importance of detecting intentional non-reporting of defects, deficiencies, and malfunctions by agents, ship operators, and shipmasters becomes evident. After the pilot joins the ship, carrying out necessary checks at the earliest appropriate time and verifying the ship's information through the company ERP system is essential. To enhance the situational awareness of maritime traffic operators in the Turkish Straits region, it is recommended to measure and evaluate the situational awareness of Vessel Traffic Supervisior Operators and Vessel Traffic Operators using scientific methods (e.g., SATEST, PMI-P). Based on the results obtained, efforts to improve operator situational awareness should be implemented, including supportive simulations and case study/toolbox training sessions. Additionally, vessel traffic operators should be employed and shift schedules prepared to ensure that they work in the sector for no more than 2 hours at a time, in accordance with IALA/V-103-1 standards. Decision-support systems that enhance situational awareness and align with advancing technology should also be developed. The monitoring and guidance of international commercial vessel traffic within the Turkish Straits system are conducted via VHF communication using SMCP standard phrases. However, it has been observed that SMCP phrases are insufficient to fully meet the needs of VTS communication. The inadequacy of standard phrases in SMCP necessitates deviations from the SMCP framework during ship communication, occasionally leading to misunderstandings. To address this issue, it is recommended that a new set of standard phrases for VTS communication be developed within the framework of IALA or that the VTS communication section of the existing SMCP be revised and improved. These updates should then be published as an international guide and communicated to ships.
Benzer Tezler
- Gemi trafik hizmetleri yönetiminin emniyet tabanlı işlevsel risk analizi
Safety-based functional risk analysis of vessel traffic services management
ADEM VİRAN
Doktora
Türkçe
2024
Denizcilikİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiGemi ve Deniz Teknoloji Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. AYHAN MENTEŞ
- Gemi trafik hizmetleri deniz trafik operatörü seçim kriterlerinin değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of vessel traffic operator selection criteria for vessel traffic services
DENİZ TOKDEMİR
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2024
Denizcilikİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiDeniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. YASİN ARSLANOĞLU
- Türk Boğazları için Gemi Risk Profili Modeli Geliştirilmesi
Developing Ship Risk Profile Model for Turkish Straits
CENGİZ VEFA EKİCİ
Doktora
Türkçe
2025
Denizcilikİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiDeniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ÖZCAN ARSLAN
- Temporal and spatial investigation of maritime accidents in the strait of Istanbul in the perspective of navigational safety
İstanbul Boğazı'ndaki deniz kazalarının seyir emniyeti perspektifinde zamansal ve mekansal olarak incelenmesi
GİZEM KODAK
Doktora
İngilizce
2022
Denizcilikİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesiİklim ve Deniz Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ALPER ÜNAL
DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ TAYFUN ACARER
- Deniz trafik operatörleri eğitiminde standardizasyon
Standardization in training of vessel traffic services operators
BURÇİN ERLEVENT
Doktora
Türkçe
2024
Denizcilikİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiDeniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. SERDAR KUM