Milli Mücadele yıllarında Türk-İngiliz ilişkileri (1918-1923)
Turkish English relations during the Turkish National Independence War (1918-1923)
- Tez No: 109283
- Danışmanlar: YRD. DOÇ. DR. M. SALİH MERCAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Tarih, Uluslararası İlişkiler, History, International Relations
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2001
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 201
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY England, on the contrary of following their policy during the 1 9th century, parallel to their new policy, has wanted to secure both their status in the Near East and specially their route to India by trying to collapse the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 20th century. Seeing the Ottoman Empire defeated in the First World War as a big opportunity, England has followed a more active policy to protect their profits at maximum level. In this policy, England has time-to-time fell opposite with France and Italy. It will not be incorrect to say that, England's policy in parting Turkey has been useful in some ways for the intellectual Turks and people who were giving an independence struggle. The First World War has been the last one of the series of battles that the Turks have set about to save the Empire. Until this war, England has supported the Turks both in diplomatic ways and with it's armed forces several times. In the second half of the 19 century, England has joined the movement in sharing the Ottoman Empire and has spent effort for it not to vanish entirely. With the coming of the First World War, England's traditional policy has changed and set it's side in the same line against the Turks with the Czardom Russia which had adopted as a main purpose of collapsing the Ottoman Empire. After the collapse of the Czardom Russia and the Ottoman Empire being defeated in this war, England has become the leader of the movement against the Turks. Not only have the English deprived the Turks from their Empire but have also grudged them to live independently in their own country. Seeing the Turkish Independence War as a characteristic which would put in danger the profits they were expecting to gain from the First World War, the English have tried to stop or at least disable it from coming. Due to the situation, their first wish was to put aside Atatürk. That's why we could say that most of the English documents on the Turkish Independence War have been widely about Atatürk. When examining the documents on our subject, it is seen that throughout the years of the National Struggle, the English have never been in a direct contact with the Turkish Grand National Assembly. England has been in the decision of imposing the Sevres Treaty to the Turks whatever it took and has set target on protecting the advantages of the big victory they gained from the 4-year bloody battle. The sharing process of the Ottoman Empire would have been completed with this treaty and from these shares, England's one was going to be the lion's share. Furthermore, the Sevres Treaty was in the need of proving to all the Eastern Nations that no 91one was able to rebel against the common desires of the victorious Europe. Otherwise, the English had serious anxieties from“The Turk's rebellion would be a bad example to the enslaved nations and mean in a long term a shake in the British Colonial Empire.”Preventing such an epoch had great importance for the profits of the British Empire. For this reason the English have given a harsh battle to impose the Sevres Treaty to the Turks. On the other hand, the Greek Army being defeated in Sakarya has deeply affected the English. Such that the English General Staff has realised that the Greek Army neither had the power to impose any of their decisions nor the Sevres Treaty to the Turks. The English have been the ringleader of the imperialist policy run against the Turks and the one who helped our Western enemies to remain standing. The English, main architect of the Sevres, have tried to verify their ambitions by in diplomatic means holding the initiative in their hands. The English have yet again been against the Turk's wish of full independence in national borders. As like any other matter, the English, following a senseless hostile manner towards the Turks, have used effort to sabotage the National Struggle by using the Armenians and Greeks. Like most of the treaties, the English continuously put pressure on the Turks for the Armenians to gain land in the Anatolian land. But all their efforts have been unsuccessful. One of the points which has to be marked out in the Turkish-English relations is the English showing concern to the Kurds living in the Anatolia in the first quarter of the 19th century. The English spies entering the country for a so-called“Scientific research”have gone to an area where a majority of Kurds lived and provoked them against the Turks. On the other hand, they have not neglected to establish the underground sources in the Dicle and Fırat domain where the Kurds lived. The purpose of the English was to form a puppet administration in the areas where petroleum sources were rich. During the Turkish Independence War to collapse the National Struggle from the inside, the English have used the Kurds. By the signing of the Lozan Treaty, Turkey has gained great success on the English diplomacy. The Empire, given the name“111 Man”by the European countries, first to be England, has become history and Turkey has been able to resist imperialism with the success it has gained from it's National Struggle. As Atatürk said, the success of the Turkish Nation has made a positive effect on the oppressed nations and has stimulated their independence beliefs. This effect which has been felt throughout India, Arabia and North Africa has brought the end of colonization. One of the biggest factors which has set the collapse of the British Colonial Empire has been the Turkish example. Knowing the effect Turkey would make if 92having won their independence on all the colonies dependent to the English, have made the English merciless enemy of the National Struggle from the beginning. Turkish-English relations have only started improving in the beginning of 1939. 93
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