Atatürk Üniversitesi Tarım İşletmesi'nde yetiştirilen esmer, ileri kan dereceli esmer melezleri ile siyah alaca sığırların süt verim özellikleri ve laktasyon eğrisi parametrelerine etkili faktörler
Factors affecting the milk yield traits and lactation curve parameters of brown swiss, highly upgraded brown swiss crosses of East Anatolian red and holstein cows in experimental farm of Atatürk Üniversity
- Tez No: 13086
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. HAKKI EMSEN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1990
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Atatürk Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Zootekni Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 172
Özet
Bu araştırmada Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım İşletmesinde yetiştirilen Esmer, Esmer x Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı İleri Kan Dereceli Melezleri ile Siyah-Alaca sığırların süt verim özellikleri ve laktasyon eğrisi parametreleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca süt verimi ile ilgili bazı parametreler ve döl verim özellikleri de ele alınmıştır. Süt verimi ve laktasyon eğrisi ile ilgili özelliklerde 18981-1988 yıllarına ait (1984 yılı hariç) 7 yıllık, yağ verimi ile ilgili özelliklerde 1986-1988 yıllarına ait 3 yıllık verim kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Ele alınan döl verimi özelliklerinde bütün genotiplere ait genel ortalama ilk buzağılama yaşı için 41.7 0.9 ay buzağılama aralığı için 443.0 7.4 gün aşıma açık günler için 158.3 ± 7.2 gün ve gebelik süresi için 285.4 ± 6 gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Siyah-Alacalarda buzağılama aralığı (464.0 ±19) ve aşıma açık günler sayısı (158.0 ±19) ortalamaları diğer genotiplerden daha uzundur. Süt verim özellikleri olarak, laktasyon uzunluğu ortalama günlük süt verimi, yağ oranı, gerçek süt ve yağ verimi, 305 gün süt ve yağ verimi, ergin çağ süt ve yağ verimi incelenmiştir. Laktasyon eğrisi ile ilgili olarak, laktasyon eğrisinin şekli, bu eğrinin parametreleri (InA, b ve c) laktasyonun devamlılık derecesi (S), ile laktasyonda maksimum günlük süt verimi (Ymax) ve bu verimin elde edildiği laktasyon günü (Tmax) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca laktasyon eğrisi tipleride belirlenmiştir. Ele alınan verim özelliklerine, genotipin yanında verim yılının, buzağılama mevsiminin, laktasyon sırasının, aşıma açık günler sayısının ve buzağılama yaşının (linear, kuadratik) etkisi En Küçük Kareler Metodu kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Süt verimi ile ilgili özelliklerinde, genellikle, verim yılı ve buzağılama mevsiminin etkisi önemli (P
Özet (Çeviri)
Factors Affecting The Milk Yield Traits and Lactation Curve Parameters of Brown Swiss, Highly Upgraded Brown Swiss Crosses of East Anatolian Red and Holstein Cows in Experimental Farm of Atatürk University In this research, the milk yield characteristics and lactation curve parameters of Brown Swiss (BS), highly upgraded Brown Swiss x East Anatolian Red Crosses (HuC), Holstein (HF) cows grown in Experimental Farm at Atatürk University had been investigated. The seven years (1 981 -1 988)records were used tor the milk yield characteristics and lactation curve parameters and the three years (1 986-1 988)records were used for milk fat characteristics. The overall means for the reproduction characteristics were as follows: For the firs calving age, 41.7 i 0.9 months, for calving interval 443.0 ± 7.4 days, for days open 1 58.3 1 7.2 days and for pregnancy length 285.4 ? 6 days. Holstein cows had more calving interval (464.0 ±19) and the days open (158.0 +1.9) than those of the other breeds. Lactation length, average daily milk yield, fat percentage, the actual amount of milk and fat yield, 305 days milk and fat yield, mature equivalent (ME) milk and fat yield had been investigated. Relative to lactation curve characteristics, the parameters and persistency (S) of lactation, peak yield (Y,^) and the peak yield days (Tmax) had been examined. The least squares analysis was used to determine the effects of genotype, the calving year, the calving season, the lactation number, the calving age (as linear and viii quadratic). The effects of calving year and calving season on the milk yield characteristics were found significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). The percentage shares of these two factors in total variation respectively were 2.36 %, 2.59 % in the lactation length, 0.02 %, 0.01 % in average daily milk yield, 6.52 %, 5.79 in actual amount of milk yield;.43 %, 5.79 % in 305 days milk yield and 6.01 %, 4.39 % in ME milk yield. 7. In general, the effect of the days open ond calving age on the milk yield was significant, but the lactation number was not significant The uncorrected least squares means (LSM) belong to BS, HuC, HF were 283.3 i 8.9, 283.8 * 7.2, 321.1 ? 1 1.2 days for lactation length ; 7.7 j. 2, 7.9 i. 2, 9.6 *.2 kg for average daily milk yield; 2192.6 + 101.8, 2229.8 i 82.1, 3145.3 * 128.1 kg for actual amount of milk yield; 2136.3 i 77.4, 2163.7 4 62.5, 2856.8 * 97.5 kg for 305 days milk yield and 2354.9 *76.8, 2487.9 ı 56.2, 2983.2 j 107.6 kg for ME milk yield respectively. The corrected LSM for the same breeds had been found 287.4 i 6.9, 285.4 i 4.9, 328.7 ±10.1 days for lactation length; 2424.3 i 84.1, 2487.2 i 59.6, 2433.8 ı124.3 kg for actual amount of milk yield; 2329.9 i 65.2, 2468.9 ı 46.2 and 2974 « 96.4 kg for ME milk yield respectively. The differences for these characteristics between BS and HuC were not significant, but there were highly significant differences between both breeds and HF. The milk yield characteristics for the G1, G2, G3, and G4 genotypes named as HuC, had been determined seperately. There were not significant differences among G1, G2, G3 and G4 and BS in milk yield characteristics. The fat percentage was affected by calving year; but other fat yield characteristics affected by calving year and calving season (P< 0.01). The effects of lactation number was not significant for actual fat yield and 305 days fat yield. The days ix open affected significantly only the actual fat yield. The highest part of variation originating from the environmental factors was calculated for calving year and for calving season. The percentage of variation originating from the calving year in total variation was 7.63 for fat percentage 9.93 for actual fat yield, 13.6 for 305 days fat yield and 14.28 for ME fat yield. The same values for calving season were 2.69, 7.81, 8.84 and 9.51 respectively. The uncorrected LSM belong to BS, HuC and HF were 4.08 ±.06 %, 3.98 ?.06 %, 4.05 â.08 % for fat percentage; 89.3 * 6.0, 94.5 * 6.2, 127.1 i 7.9 kg for actual fat yield; 86.8 i 4.6, 91.5 i 4.7, 1 15.2 i 6.0 kg for 305 days fat yield and 94.5 i 4.7, 106.9 i 4.2, 119.8 * 6.3 kg for ME fat yield respectively. The corrected LSM for the same breeds had been found 4.14 *.05 %,3.97 *.04 %>4.05 *.07 % for fat percentage; 82.9 t 4.6 96.6 * 4.1, 128.5 * 6.8 kg for actual fat yield and 97.7 + 3.9, 1 08.5 * 3.5 and 1 26 + 5.7 kg for ME fat yield respectively. Except the fat percentage in the amount of fat yield characteristics, there were not significant differences between BS and HuC. But the difference between both genotype and HF was highly significant. However, G-,, G2, G3, G4 and BS genotype groups had similar fat yield values. In general, highest yield value? wore nhtnined from winter and spring calvers, summer and autumn calvers had smallest yield values. Maximum yield values were obtained from cows that are in third lactations. The effect of days open was shown on the actual amount of milk yield. This effect was highly significant (P
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