Diesel motorlarda alternatif yakıt olarak biyodiesel kullanımının incelenmesi
Utilization of biodiesel as an alternatif fuel in diesel engines
- Tez No: 151576
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. TURGUT ÖZAKTAŞ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2004
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 151
Özet
UTILIZATION OF BIYODIESEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINES SUMMARY In this study, firstly the alternative fuels, alcohols, LPG, natural gas, hydrogen and electric have been briefly reviewed and their chemical and physical properties have been compared with gasoline and diesel. In the next chapter, the review of the subject of the thesis biodiesel, which is manufactured from vegetable oils, recycled cooking grease, or animal fats, has been started. With this aim, firstly short information about conventional diesel fuel and diesel engines has been given, and vegetable oils, emissions of neat vegetable oil fuel, engine problems with neat vegetable oil fuel have been reviewed. Later the solutions to these engine problems, which are dilution of vegetable oils with conventional diesel fuel, transesterification, microemulsification, and pyrolysis, have been reviewed. After that, the definition of biodiesel has been made, and the general physical and chemical properties of this fuel have been reviewed. At the fourth chapter of the thesis, the biodiesel production and problems, the most popular method in biodiesel production-transesterification has been reviewed. At the fifth chapter of the thesis, the emissions of biodiesel have been investigated and the most critical biodiesel emission NOx and the ways to reduce NOx and other emission have been reviewed. At the sixth chapter of the thesis, performance and fuel economy values of biodiesel have been investigated and the quite interesting results have been evaluated. At the seventh chapter of the thesis, life cycle affects of biodiesel have been reviewed. At the eight chapter of the thesis, biodiesel fuel characteristics such as cold flow properties, lubricity benefits, storage, stability, solvency, the points that should be paid attention at biodiesel fuel stations, biodiesel fuel cost and biodiesel standards which are given by various countries have been reviewed. At the ninth chapter of the thesis, the additives such as pour point depressors, antioxidants/metal-passivates, ignition improvers and alternatives to additive usage have been reviewed. At the tenth chapter of the thesis, biodiesel/diesel blend test results have been investigated. With this aim, biodiesel blend viscosity test results, biodiesel blend pour point test results, biodiesel blend cloud point test results, biodiesel blend cold filter plugging point test results, biodiesel blend cetane number test results, biodiesel blend scuffing load BOCLE test results have been reviewed. Testing indicated there are problems in operating with low temperatures (cloud point, cold filter plugging xiipoint, and pour point), and that the minimum temperatures at which biodiesel are usable increase with the move from vegetable to animal sources, probably due to the greater degree of saturation. At the last chapter of the thesis, the history, the production capacity, the taxation, the marketing and the quality of biodiesel has been investigated in different countries of the world. After that, biodiesel and Turkey has been reviewed. In addition, pre economical analysis has been made for Turkey. It has been concluded that since two years, the importance and the probable contribution of biodiesel to Turkey's economy started to be understood by the government and by the national private sector. xin
Özet (Çeviri)
UTILIZATION OF BIYODIESEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINES SUMMARY In this study, firstly the alternative fuels, alcohols, LPG, natural gas, hydrogen and electric have been briefly reviewed and their chemical and physical properties have been compared with gasoline and diesel. In the next chapter, the review of the subject of the thesis biodiesel, which is manufactured from vegetable oils, recycled cooking grease, or animal fats, has been started. With this aim, firstly short information about conventional diesel fuel and diesel engines has been given, and vegetable oils, emissions of neat vegetable oil fuel, engine problems with neat vegetable oil fuel have been reviewed. Later the solutions to these engine problems, which are dilution of vegetable oils with conventional diesel fuel, transesterification, microemulsification, and pyrolysis, have been reviewed. After that, the definition of biodiesel has been made, and the general physical and chemical properties of this fuel have been reviewed. At the fourth chapter of the thesis, the biodiesel production and problems, the most popular method in biodiesel production-transesterification has been reviewed. At the fifth chapter of the thesis, the emissions of biodiesel have been investigated and the most critical biodiesel emission NOx and the ways to reduce NOx and other emission have been reviewed. At the sixth chapter of the thesis, performance and fuel economy values of biodiesel have been investigated and the quite interesting results have been evaluated. At the seventh chapter of the thesis, life cycle affects of biodiesel have been reviewed. At the eight chapter of the thesis, biodiesel fuel characteristics such as cold flow properties, lubricity benefits, storage, stability, solvency, the points that should be paid attention at biodiesel fuel stations, biodiesel fuel cost and biodiesel standards which are given by various countries have been reviewed. At the ninth chapter of the thesis, the additives such as pour point depressors, antioxidants/metal-passivates, ignition improvers and alternatives to additive usage have been reviewed. At the tenth chapter of the thesis, biodiesel/diesel blend test results have been investigated. With this aim, biodiesel blend viscosity test results, biodiesel blend pour point test results, biodiesel blend cloud point test results, biodiesel blend cold filter plugging point test results, biodiesel blend cetane number test results, biodiesel blend scuffing load BOCLE test results have been reviewed. Testing indicated there are problems in operating with low temperatures (cloud point, cold filter plugging xiipoint, and pour point), and that the minimum temperatures at which biodiesel are usable increase with the move from vegetable to animal sources, probably due to the greater degree of saturation. At the last chapter of the thesis, the history, the production capacity, the taxation, the marketing and the quality of biodiesel has been investigated in different countries of the world. After that, biodiesel and Turkey has been reviewed. In addition, pre economical analysis has been made for Turkey. It has been concluded that since two years, the importance and the probable contribution of biodiesel to Turkey's economy started to be understood by the government and by the national private sector. xin
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