Motorlu araçların seyir çevrimi ve yakıt sarfiyatının simülasyonu
Driving cycle and fuel consumption of vehicles by using simulation
- Tez No: 20719
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. OĞUZ BORAT
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 93
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada, motorlu bir aracın seyir çevriminin modellenmesi, ve bilgisayar yardımıyla simülasyonu hedeflenmiştir. Modelleme için gerekli olan motor, aktarma organları, araç ve yol-araç ilişkileri incelenmiş, modellemede kullanılacak teorik ve amprik ifadeler tesbit edilmiştir. Bunun için, motorun özgül yakıt sarfiyatı-devir sayısı-güç karakteristiklerine, aktarma organlarının çevrim ve verimlerine, yol-tekerlek ve yol-palet arasındaki yuvarlanma direnç kat sayısına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu arada yol eğimi, rüzgar direnci, aracın hız-zaman diyagramı da, belirlenmesi gereken karakteristikler arasında bulunmaktadır. Sayılan motor karakteristikleri iki yoldan tesbit edilebilmektedir. Teorik olarak be-ne-Pme eğrilerini çevrim simülasyonu ile tesbit etmek mümkündür. Ancak gerekli hesaplamalar bugünkü bilgisayarlarda bir tek çevrim için dakikalarca sürmektedir. Dolayısıyla, deneysel yol tercih e- dilmiştir. Bu amaçla model araç olarak, yoldışı bir araç olan Leopard tankı seçilmiştir. Bu aracın motoru hidrolik fren dinamometresinde deneye tabi tutularak, simülasyon için gerekli deneysel veriler tesbit edilmiştir. Bu verilerin, simülasyonda kullanılabilmesi için eğri uydurma yöntemleri düşünülmüştür. Elde edilen performans eğrileri, iki boyutlu ve üç boyutlu çizilerek sunulmuştur. Literatürde mevcut seyir çevrimleri incelenmiştir. Model aracın sürüş tarzı bu seyir çevrimlerine uymadığı için, model araç için yeni bir seyir çevrimi geliştirilmiş tir. Yakıt sarfiyatının tesbit edilmesinde, araca ve motoruna ait veriler girildiğinde relanti, ivmelerime, sabit hız ve yavaşlama kombinasyonlarından oluşan bir çevrim boyunca aracın yakıt sarfiyatı hesaplanmaktadır. Böylece aracın değişik seyir şartlarındaki davranışı yakıt sarfiyatı açısından izlenmiştir, özellikle, yol şartlarının yakıt sarfiyatına etkisi, bunu karakterize eden yuvarlanma direnci katsayısının değişimiyle görülmüştür. - vııı-
Özet (Çeviri)
DRIVING CYCLE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF VEHICLES BY USING SIMULATION SUMMARY In this study, the modelling of the driving cycle of a motor vehicle and its computer aided simulation have been the main objective. The theoretical and empirical expressions to be used in the modelling have been established by studying the engine, transmission parts and the relationship between the road and the vehicle. In order to be able to do this simulation we need the specific fuel consumption (sfc), revolutions per minute (rpm) and power characteristics of the engine, the cycle and efficiency of transmission organs and the rolling resistance coefficient between road and whell and/or road and caterpillar whell. The road inclination aerodynamics and the time-speed diagram are also among the other characteristics that are to be determined. These engine characteristics can be found in two ways. Theoretically, it is possible to find be-ne-Pme curves by using cycle simulation but the necessary calculations take minutes for even one single cycle with the use of current computers today. That is why experimental techniques have been preferred and the engine of a Leopard Tank, an off-road vehicle has been put in to test with 10 different rpm, under 10 different loads. Rpm has been gradually increased to 2200 rpm with 150 rpm increases at each interval and load to 2699 with an increase of 286 N. each time. At (10*10=100) operation point the specific fuel consumption, test power etc. have been obtained. The curve fitting techniques in the literature have been examined to find ways of using these results in simulation. Since the aim in the modelling of the performance curves is to establish specific fuel consumption, they are modelled to give be= f ( Pjne / ne ' when values for avarage effective pressure of the performance curves and rpm are known. Curve fitting techniques usually have been variable but only the underlying principle was adhered to and a techniques with to variables were used. - IX -The performance curves with two variables were modelled, by using polinom representation technique. The modelled curves have been shown with two and three dimensional drawings. In motor vehicles, both fuel consumption and exhaust emission are directly affected by driving modes or in other words by speed-gear choices. A fuel consumption difference of about % İ 10 was established in test drives of the same vehicles under the same circumstances but by different drivers. Driving cycles are experiments that are thought of to show and compare fuel economy and exhaust emission values according to a definite criterion. It is possible to simulate them with computers with the aid of simulation programs prepared for vehicles. The known driving cycles are not suitable to the mode of drive of the model vehicle. So a driving cycle, called“Tank Driving Cycle”that lasted 405 seconds in which all the gears were used and the real runnig conditions were met was' realized. The fuel consumption was calculated over a cycle, compozed of idling, acceleration, constant speed and slowing down, by using the data about the vehicle and its engine in the computer programme made for this purpose. One of the most important reasons of using simulation in motor vehicles is the fact that road tests of a vehicle are expensive and that every cruising conditions on the road cannot be created in the laboratory. The measuring devices needed to perform some delicate measurements on the vehicle are either too difficult to obtain or maybe too expensive. Simulation is a preferable solution to determine the causes of a problem and to improve the effeciency (Performance) of a vehicle if the performance values are known very well. We need to know all the performance characteristics of a real system for simulation purposes. The vehicle chosen for this study is an off-road vehicle and it performs well on mediums like fields, deserts, deep marshes and snow covered areas that have very different characteristics. The medium they move on is usually called earth. The mechanical characteristics of earth definitely limit their abilitres to move and perform. For this reason it is obligatory to define the characteristics of earth and to understand earth-vehicle relationships in order use off-road vehicles effectively. To develop a suitable vehicle-earth modeli which will enable x -us to calculate the working abilities of an off-road vehicle in terms of its measurements and the mechanical properties of earth is among the objectives of off -road vehicle mechanics. The most important resistance in effects like acceleration resistance, slope resistance and aerodynamic resistance is the rolling resistance produced by vehicle earth relationship. The rolling resistance has a big value in the total resistance and its reduction assumes great importance. To achive this the choice of suitable caterpillar tracks and their size together with the reduction of resistance coefficient has great importance. The power taken from the engine of moving vehicle was calculated by using cruising resistances and in the mean time the engine power, acceleration and the transmissions losses were shown in terms of various parameters. When the curves showing cumulative fuel consumption during the cycle were examined it was observed that the consumption showed sudden increases at times of acceleration and that the increases were smaller at the moments of constant velocity and slowing down. With some addition and alterations, the computer programme which has been prepared can be used in the optimisation of driving conditions. The fuel consumption öf a motor vehicle is governed not only by the movement resistances but also by the mode of driving. In this thesis the obtaining of the performance curves of the targeted motor vehicles and the results of computer aided simulation of fuel consumption have been offered. The subroutines of the programmes that have been prepared are suitable for further development and with some alterations can be changed into software for driving cycle and fuel consumption simulations of varios vehicles. - xi -
Benzer Tezler
- Standart seyir çevrimlerinde minimum yakıt tüketimini sağlayan vites çevrim oranlarının belirlenmesi
The determination of gear ratios which achieve the minimum fuel consumption on standart driving cycles
HAFİZE UZUN
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2010
Makine MühendisliğiYıldız Teknik ÜniversitesiMakine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. MUAMMER ÖZKAN
- Taşıtlarda egzoz emisyonu ve yakıt tüketiminin bilgisayar simülasyonu ile belirlenmesi
Determination of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption using computer simulation
GÜRKAN KÜÇÜKKANCABAŞ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2005
Makine MühendisliğiMarmara ÜniversitesiMakine Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Y.DOÇ.DR. RECEP YENİTEPE
- Bir taşıtın şehir çevrimi boyunca egzoz emisyonlarının simülasyonu
The Simulation of vehicle exhaust emissions along EEC city circle
ÖMER SELÇUK AKMAN
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1999
Makine Mühendisliğiİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiMakine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. METİN ERGENEMAN
- Experimental combustion analysis of diesel engine
Dizel içten yanmalı motorlarda yanmanın deneysel incelenmesi
TOLGAHAN KAYA
Doktora
İngilizce
2019
Makine Mühendisliğiİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiMakine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ OSMAN AKIN KUTLAR
DR. ÖZGÜR OĞUZ TAŞKIRAN
- Modelling and simulation of a series parallel hybrid electrical vehicle
Seri paralel hibrit elektrikli aracın modellenmesi ve simülasyonu
CAN GÖKÇE
Yüksek Lisans
İngilizce
2005
Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliğiİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiElektrik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF.DR. NEJAT TUNCAY