Beypazarı trona mineralinin çözelti madenciliği ile değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of Beypazarı trona deposit by solution mining technique
- Tez No: 21698
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. HASANCAN OKUTAN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Kimya Mühendisliği, Chemical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 189
Özet
ÖZET Soda üretimi için en önemli doğal kaynak trona mineralidir. Beypazarı trona yatakları, belirlenen özellikleri çerçevesinde rezerv durumu itibariyle, dünyanın ikinci büyük doğal sodyum karbonat depolanmasıdır. ABD Wyoming trona rezervinden sonra dünya soda pazarlarına yakın olması nedeniyle de büyük ticari potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak bu mineralden soda üretilmesi için henüz teknolojik bir yatırım yapılmamıştır. Rezervin değerlendirilmesi için uygun teknolojinin bir an önce seçilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Beypazarı trona mineralinden soda üretimi için uygulanabilecek çözelti madenciliği yönteminin ön teknolojik araştırmaları yapılmıştır. Laboratuarda gerçekleştirilen denemelerde çözelti madenciliği için en önemli parametrelerden birisi olan tronanın çözünme hızı tespit edilmiş, ayrıca çözelti madenciliği yöntemine uygun proses geliştirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Laboratuarda elde, edilen sonuçlar çerçevesinde, çözelti madenciliği yöntemi için proses' tasarımı ve maliyet hesaplamalarının yapıldığı bir bilgisayar modeli geliştirilmiştir. Çözelti madenciliğine ait toplam yatırım, işletme giderleri, birim maliyet, karlılık ve geri ödeme gibi ekonomik değerler monohidrat ve sesqui karbonat yöntemlerine ait değerlerle mukayese edilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
EVALUATION OF BEYPAZARI TRONA DEPOSIT BY SOLUTION MINING TECHNIQUE SUMMARY Soda ash is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is an important inorganic chemical. It has been produced for several centuries by processing certain vegetation and minerals. It has also been used in the world for nearly 300 years and it is not sup- rising that most of the end uses have reached maturity and tend to follow the population trend, which for the last several years has been levelling out. The major soda ash markets in the developed countries, are glass, chemicals, soaps and detergents, pulp and paper and water treatment industries. In recent years, the soda ash and sodium bicarbonate industry has also examined the potential of using, sodium minerals for fine gas desulfurization. All of these are the first basic consumer products produced by developing societies. About 3500 BC, soda ash was obtained from seaweed or from dried mineral incrustations around alkaline beds. Following the 18 th cen tury, the LeBlanc process used salt, sulfuric acid, coal and limesto ne, has became the major productions method. In the early 1860's, Solvay brothers successfully commercialized an ammonia-soda process to synthesize soda ash. This process produced a better quality product than the LeBlanc method. Large scale commercial production of natural soda ash began in U.S.A. in 1887 from surface crystalline material at alkaline lakes. In 1938, during exploration for oil and gas in Wyoming, a massive buried trona deposit, presumably the world's largest, was accidentally discovered. The synthetic method is straight forward, but does require quite precise control and is economical only on a large scale basis. The selling price of ash has not kept pace with the increased cost of most other chemicals, with the result that today the high capital cost relative to profit, explains why no new ammonia-soda plants have been built since 1935 and why the major ash producers are actively studying the ash from trona situation today. Soda ash from natural sources enjoys inherent production cost advantages over synthetic so da ash, especially with regard to raw materials and energy costs. Especially, the energy crisis which started in the early 1970's dra matically affected the world soda ash industry. On the other hand, the inability of most of the synthetic, soda ash plants to meet emmis- sion requirements imposed by antipollution legistation has been cited as one of the main reasons why that industry suffered. The costs to implement the pollution controls were too high to be recovered due to the growing competition from the natural soda ash industry. Alt hough, the proportion -of sodium carbonate produced from natural depo sits accounted for only 15 percent of the total production in 1950's, vithis figure is misleading. A very large number of locations in the U.S. contain natural sodium carbonate, but few of these deposits are commercial in sire, favorably located or have an adequate sodium carbonate concentration and purity. The natural form in which sodium carbonate occurs is either in brine solution or as a solid in a mine ral, the most prevalent of which is trona, the final desiccation product of the sodium carbonate content of lakes and springs. Trona is a gray-white or yellowish-white combination of sodium carbonate -bicarbonate from which soda ash in produced by calcination. This industrial mineral is a double salt which forms depending largely on the physico-chemical conditions. Many ways exist to produce soda ash from trona (ore and/or brine). Various sodium compounds can be crystallized in intermediate steps by manipu lation of brine compositions, temperature and pressure These are, 1. Ses qui carbonate 2. Anhydrous carbonate 3. Monohydrate 4. Bicarbonate. Calcination any of these Compounds yields soda ash having various
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