Trona mineralinden ticari ölçek soda-sodyum hidroksit üretimi: Entegre tesis tasarım ve ekonomik analiz
Production of soda ash and sodium hydroxide from trona mineral integrated process design and economic analysis
- Tez No: 39232
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. HASANCAN OKUTAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Kimya Mühendisliği, Chemical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 57
Özet
DZET Kimya sanayiinde soda ve sodyum hidroksit çok geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Her iki kimyasal farklı yöntemlerle üretilebilmektedir. Soda üretiminde en önemli doğal kaynak trona mineral dir. Dünyanın en büyük trona rezervine sahip olan A.B.D den sonra ülkemizde Ankara'nın Beypazarı ilçesinde dünya nın ikinci büyük doğal sodyum karbonat rezervi mevcuttur. Ancak bu rezervin değerlendirilmesi için henüz teknolojik bir yatırım yapılmamıştır. Türkiye bu rezervi değerlen- direbildiği taktirde, soda ve sodyum hidroksitin girdi o- larak kullanıldığı birçok kimya sektörü gelişeceği gibi, soda ve sodyum hidroksit dış piyasasında önemli değişik likler olacak, ülkemize dış pazarlarda büyük imkanlar doğacaktır. Bu çalışmada Beypazarı trona mineralinden, çözelti madenciliği yöntemi ile entegre soda ve sodyum hidroksit üretimi tasarlanmış, bir bilgisayarda hesaplama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Bu model ile entegre sistemin kurul ması durumunda gerekli olabilecek toplam yatırım mali yetleri, işletme giderleri, birim maliyet, kârlılık ve geri- ödeme gibi ekonomik değerler hesaplanmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
PRODUCTION GF SGDA ASH AND SDDIUM HYDROXIDE FROM TRONA MINERAL INTEGRATED PROCESS DESIGN AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SUMMARY Suda ash chemically known as sodium carbonate and caustic soda is known as sodium hydroxide are very important inorganic chemicals. Soda ash has been produced for several centuries by processing certain vegetation and minerals. It has also been used in the world for nearly 300 years and it is not suprising that most of the end uses, have reached maturity and tend to follow the papulation trend, which for the last several years has been levelling out. The major soda ash market in the developed countries, are glass, chemicals, soaps and detergents, pulp and paper and water treatment industries. In recent years, the soda ash and sodium bicarbonate industry has also examined the potential of using, sodium minerals for fine gas desulf urization. All of these are the first basic consumer products produced by developing societies, Sodium hyrdoxide is one of the basic chemical pro ducts produced in the largest quantity along with sul furic acid, ammonia and ethlylene. Moreover, because of its large production scale, sodium hydroxide is generally classified as one of the heavy chemicals. This product is mainly used for the synthesis of varius organic and inorganic chemical compounds, production of soap, pulp, paper and rayon as well as neutralization in a wide range of industries. Although sodium hydroxide is produced and shipped in the anhydrous state in the form of a solid, flakes, or beads, very little is actually consumed as such. It is used almost exclusiuely in water solution of less than % 50 concentration. Sodium hydroxide is produced in over 45 countries, including our country, by lime-soda process and by the electrolytic process. VIUntil shortly before World Uar I, the amount of sodium hydroxide reaching the markets as coproduct of chlorine was almost negligible compared to that made from soda ash by the lime reaction. The lime process caustic exceded electrolytic coustic in tonnage just before the beginning of World War I, but then“':'the electrolytic product took a rapid spurt and, in 1966 substantially exceeded the lime product. The rapid increase in the tonnage of sodium hydroxide reaching the market as coproduct of chlorine is a couse of concern to soda ash producers, who an that account have also became chlorine-coustic producers. Much effor has been put into the development of chlorine processes that do not produce sodium hydroxide, but apart from processes designed primarily for the production of metals, only one, which produces chlorine from salt and nitric acid, has met with any success, and this as yet is a relatively small factor. The causticization of soda ash with lime and the electrolytic production from common salt completely overshadow any other process for making sodium hydroxide. The causticization of soda ash with strontium has been studied because of favorable solubility relationships, but has not cameinto use Nowaday, sodium hydroxide is produced by electrolysis and produce from soda ash is applied only in isolated areas throughout the world. In Turkey, sodium hydroxide is produced by Seka, Petkim and Koruma Tarım in Kocaeli. These plants produce coustic soda by electrolysis method as coproduct of chlorine. About 35DD BC, soda ash was obtained from seaweed or from dried minerals incrustations around alkaline beds. Fallowing 1 8 th century, the LeBlanc process used salt, sulfuric acid, coal and limestone, has became the major productions method. In the early 1860's, Solvay brothers successfully commercialized an ammonia-soda process product than the LeBlanc method. Synthetic soda ash production began to decline in the late 1970's. This was due to high operating costs and waste disposal problems. Since soda ash was used a major component in the chemical industry, an alternate method of producing soda ash was necessary. And now, the natural soda ash production has been rising rapidly. Naturally, soda ash can be produced from same Vllminerals or lakes. Sodium carbonat is common in nature but economic deposit of it are rare due to its solubility. Minerals that contain sodium are thermonatrite, trona, natron, nahkolit, burkeite, dawsonite, gaylousite, shortite. There minerals, natron, thermonatrite and trona are only sodium carbonate minerals commercially mined. Anhydrous sodium carbonate is almost never found in nature. At Searles Lake in the U.S.A., burkeite and hanskite are important in the upgrading process used for natural brines recovered there. Natural soda sources such as trona mineral or sodium carbonate rich brines found primarily in the U.S., Mexico, Soviet Union, Kenya, China and Turkey. In Turkey, soda ash is produced synthetically by Soda Sanayi in Mersin Soda Sanayi, is a joint venture between Türkiye İş Bankası, glass manufacturer Türkiye Şişe ve Cam Fabrikaları and Sümerbank. This plant applies the Solvay process, the latest technology for the manufacture of soda ash. Trona is a gray-uhite or yellowish-white combina tion of sodium carbonate-bicarbonat from which soda ash in produced by calcination. This industrial mineral is a double salt which forms depending largely on the physical-chemical condition. Many ways exist to produce soda ash from trona. These are, 1)- Sesquikarbonate 2)- Anhydrous carbonate 3)- Monohydrate k)- Bicarbonate Calcination any of these compounds yields soda ash having various physical properties crystal size, shape and resulting bulk density. The trend toward natural soda ash production has stimulated industry to interest in a new mining tech nology as solution mining. Research on soda ash solu tion mining is scheduled to begin in 1981 at two sites in U.S.A. vmBeypazarı Trona deposit mas discovered by Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) in 1979 during coal explorations. Beypazarı Trona deposit is locoted approximately 15 km. North-West of Beypazarı in Central Anatolia. The total deposit surface area is about 8km. Taking in to account of the uihole features of the deposit it is possible to state that the Beypazarı Trona deposits are the second biggest natural sodium carbonate formation in the world. Field tests related with geology and hydrology was completed by M.T.A. and the resource was transferred to Etibank, which is state mining company, in 19B3. The studies showed that trona is present 150- 400m in deep, layer which are thicker and richer in quality compared to the ones in Wyoming (U.S. A). Total reserve of the deposit is about 210 millions tons. The average grade of deposit is B5 % trona. The whole trona deposit consist of thirteen different layers an the thickness of the layer change between 0.7-6. Om. Beypaza rı trona mineral, due to its chemical content, can be processed more easily than Wyoming trona containing B-1 0% NaCl, Na”S0, content. 2 k This mineral resource may allow the natural produc tion of chemical such as soda ash sodium hydroxide and other sodium derivatives for about a hundred years. If the possibilities of underground and solution mining methods have been considered and this project proceed, it could result in substantial changes in the Europan soda ash market. The main objective of this study is to investigate the applicabilty of solution mining technique to Beypa zarı trona deposit. For this purpose a model calculating process design and cost analysis of solution mining technique was developed. This process proposes the produc tion of soda ash and sodium hydroxide in an integrated process. In this study, Alkaline proces was used to produce soda ash from the trona mineral. The basic step of the soda process are production of the pregnant solution from mineral deposit, filtration of the impurities, evaporation, calcinaticm of the monohydrate crystals to produce soda ash crystals. After the monohydrate crystals were produced from the evaporators, the mother liquor. with adequate composition was fed into the sodium hydroxide process. The basic step of the coustic soda process were icaustif ication, seperation, washing of the mud and filtration to produce the feeding solution for solution mining wells, and evaporation. The product IXfrom soda ash process is flake soda ash (heavy) and from coustic soda process is 5D % NaOH solution. To design the integrated process firstly a flow sheet uas prepared and material and energy balance equations were developed. Secondly, the equipments were determined for the different production of soda ash and sodium hydroxide capacities. Finally cost analysis was made and the capital cost, fixed capital, working capital, total capital, manif acturing expenses, product cost, net annual profit and rate of return were determined for integrated process. The computer model can be summerized as follows: a- Material balance b- Uellfield analysis c- Surface plant analysis d- Cost analysis As the main result of this study the total capital investment cost of the integrated plant with 500. DDD tons soda ash and 100'. CEO' tons sodium hydroxide per year capacity was found approximately 2 trillion TL. The advantages of this integrated process can be summerized with adequate investment, production and unit cost for both soda ash and sodium hydroxide production plants, and as a consequence of these, a higher profit. This study indicated that, recovery of Beypazarı trona mineral by solution mining technique can produce both soda ash and sodium hydroxide with lower cost. This provides great advantages for Turkey to compate in foreign soda ash and sodium hydroxide markets.
Benzer Tezler
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Computer aided desing and cost estimation model of commercial soda ash production processes from trona mineral
NİLÜFER DURMAZ
- Trona mineralinden sodyum hidroksit üretimi (proses tasarımı ve ekonomik analiz)
Computer aided design and cost estimation model of commercial caustic soda production process from trona mineral
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Evaluation of Beypazarı trona deposit by solution mining technique
GÜLHAYAT SAYGILI(NASÜN)
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AHMET SARITAŞ
- Kazan trona mineralinin ters flotasyon yöntemiyle zenginleştirilmesi
Processing of kazan trona mineral by reverse flotation technique
GÖZDE GÖZKE
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2006
Kimyaİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiKimya Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. ÖZGÜL ÖZCAN