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Güneş enerjili yemek pişirme cihazı

A Hot box type solar cooker

  1. Tez No: 21861
  2. Yazar: MAHMUT D. MAT
  3. Danışmanlar: YRD. DOÇ. DR. A. KORHAN BİNARK
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1992
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 113

Özet

Bu çalışmada bir ısı kutulu güneş pişiricisi dizayn edilip imal edilmiştir. Güneş pişiricisi; içinde izolasyon, yutucu levha, pişirme kapları, üstünde çift tabakalı saydam örtü, yemek kaplarını içine yerleştirebilmek için bir kapıdan oluşmuş ısı kutusundan ve hareketli, kutunun üzerine kapanabilir dört yansıtıcı aynadan meydana gelmiştir. İstanbul da farklı tarihlerde yapılan deneylerde ilk önce pişiricinin suyu kaynatabildiği tespit edilmiş sonra yemek pişirilmiştir. Işınım şiddeti, hava, yutucu levha, cam altı cam üstü ve su sıcaklıkları, rüzgar hızı, yansıtıcıların eğim açıları ve zaman ölçülmüştür. Pişirme kaplarındaki suyun belli bir sürede aldığı ısının yine aynı sürede saydam örtüye gelen ışınım olarak verim tariflenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre sıcaklık -zaman ve verim-zaman eğrileri çizilmiştir. Sonuçlar; bu güneş pişiricisinin başta Güneydoğu Anadolu olmak üzere Türkiye'nin bir çok bölgesinde yemek pişirmede kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca farklı geometrilerde, pratik ve ucuz güneş pişiricilerinin ülkemizde imal edilmesinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. - vi -

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY A HOT BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER 1. INTRODUCTION As the fossil fuels which meet the major portion of energy consumption of the world, are running out of quickly. Finding new energy resorces to be replaced conventional ones becomes inevitable. Solar energy is most appropriate canditate for this purpose. The studies on the solar energy application have overcome very i mpor t ant steps. One of the methods to make use of solar energy is a cooking system, called“Solar Cooker”. The major portion of energy consumption in devol oping countries is for cooking in the domestic section. It is clear that to meet this consumption by means of solar energy which is free of charge, contrubutes to saving naturel energy recourses. The solar cookers, especially in India, Pakistan and China where solar energy potential is very high, are on vast scale. The solar cookers are not used in our country. Studies on this subject are only in the academic environment. Contrary to this fact, some portion of our country are in sun region. The aim of this study is to manufacture and then to test the cooking apparatures with solar energy and then to cook. Contrary to other solar energy applications, solar cooker which has low production cost and saves energy consumption and some other advantages is attractive for widespread usage. a. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ON THE SOLAR COOKERS Recently, a lot of solar cooker models have been proposed. On a general scale, solar cookers can be divided into three main groups. - vii -1- Hot, box type solar cooker: the main principle of this type of the solar cooker is to collect the sun rays in a isolated box. The upper side of the box is covered by a material which has high sun ray transparency rate. In addition to sun rays directly coming to glazing a reflector surface is mounted to increase solar energy. The cooking pots are placed on the absorber plate. The absorber plate is painted black to improve the capability of absorption. 2- The concentrator type solar cooker: the main principle of this type cooker is to concentrate the sun rays on the cooking pots. The parabollic mirrors are used to concentrate them. Next to parabollic concentrators, box type solar cooker are most widely distributed solar cookers today. As their concentration factor is low, no tracking is needed. This allows unattended cooking. Also, diffuse radiation contributes to heat input. 3- Steam based type solar cooker: this type of solar cookers makes use of latent heat of evaporated water. The most advanced resemble of this type is an integrated one with a vacuum tube. This type is consist of collector and heat storage units. 3. STUDIES ABOUT SOLAR COOKERS ON THE WORLD 3.1 A NOVEL ADVANCED BOX -TYPE SOLAR COOKER An advanced version of the box type solar cooker is presented CI 3]. A fixed cooking vessel in good thermal contact with a conductive absorber plate is set into glazing. The results are improved thermal performance, easier acces to the cooking vessel and less frequent maintenance due to protection of all absorbing and reflecting surfaces. Outdoor test shows that 5 It of water per sq m of opening surface can be brought to full boiling in less then one hour. A finite element simulation model of the advanced box cooker is presented. It is shown that the most decisive barometers are absorber to dot he at transfer and absorber conductivity. Field in Ethiopia and India are under way, local production in India has started. A finite element simulation model of advanced box cooker is presented. Results outdoor test and simulation were used to optimize the cooker design. - viil -3.2 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SOLAR COOKER An efficient solar cooker has been designed, developed and tested [63. The device can be used for cooking, boiling and roasting of different foods in clear days. The important part of this new device is its stationary mode and maximum capture of energy through improved design and optimum tilt of the solar cooker, where one needs to direct it follow the sun. The cooking trial shows that the new device can be used twice aday, even in winter. The new cooker is more efficient than the simple hot box cooker, and the food can be cooked twice a day. It does not require sun tracking, and therefore, it is more practical. 3.3 A SPILT SYSTEM SOLAR COOKER WITH HEAT PIPES A spilt solar cooker is described as one which has its flat plate collector outdoors and the cooking chamber inside the kitchen with heat pipes which have evaporator and condenser regions »transfering the energy to the two elements [113. Test results are discussed and areas of possible improvement are indicated. The result of a series of test conducted to ascertan the most suitable heat transfer arrangement in the cooking chamber are presented. Recommendations are made for further areas of i mpr ovement. The spilt system cooker presented demonstrates the feasibility of solar cooking inside the kitchen. The choice of a heat pipe equipped flat plate collector eliminates the need for tracking and represent a wind sturdy solar system that has minimum maintenance r equi r ement s. The hot plate consept of pot heating holds promise as a practical method of heat extraction from the heat pipe condenser. Heating times are reasonable and cooking is neat, safe and practical. When the hot plate is wet with 1 spoonful of water. Covering of the cooking pan with a single layer of cloth shortness cooking times considerably. 3.4 MIRROR BOOSTERS FOR SOLAR COOKERS The effect of elongation ratio < ratio of lenght to width of aperature > of rectangular apertures, provided with one single booster mirror < hinged on the northern - ixedge of aperature is investigated [53 > on the energy collection pattern The system is kept in fixed position to collect the maximum energy at noon. This cases with many solar appliances. It is found that the elongation has a significant bearing on the total energy collection. The maximum effective elongation is found to be around 3 under conditions prevailing at warangal. Only the beam components of the solar radiation is considered. THE DESIGN OF I. T. U-2 SOLAR COOKER I. T. U-2 hot box type of solar cooker has been consisted of a hot box with insulation» absorber plate, four cooking pots inside of it, double layer transparent cover being at the top, and four moving folding reflector mirror. The components of solar cooker are shown in figure-1. 1. Hot box: a rectangular shaped box of dimensions 460*460*1 30 mm. The conctruction material of box is wood due to its cheapness. 2. Insulation: to prevent heat losses from bottom and figure 1. The components of I. T. U-2 solar cooker 1 hot box, 2 insulation, 3 absorber plate 4 cooking pot, S inner reflector, 6 double glazing, 7 reflector supporting sheet, 8 reflector, 9 tracking arm, 10 whell - x -si des, the box has been i sol ated by 25 mm. of gl ass wool at -the bottom and 15 mm. at the sides. 3. Absorber plate: absorbs sun rays and transfers heat to inner air and cooking pots. As a material, 0.5 mm. thickness galvanized sheet is used. 4. Cooking pots: these are mani f ac tur ed from materials which have high heat transfer coefficient. In this design, three one-liter and one, half -liter cooking pots have beeen used. Cooking boxes are painted black to enhance absorbtion rate. 5. Transparent cover: this component allows the sun rays to enter the cooking region. The most widely used transparent material is glass. Glass allows micro waves to enter the cooking region but prevent exiting macro waves. To reduce heat loses from the cooking region to air, double layer transparent cover has been used in I. T. U-2 solar cooker. 6. Reflectors: the functions of the reflectors are to reflect the sun days into the hot box. In order to maximize the reflection rate mostly, glass mirror is used. Aching annals and aluminium folio can also be used. 4.1 CONCLUSION In first experiment 1.75 liter of water has been succesfuly boiled with I. T. U-2 solar cooker in two hour, and four pots which containing rice, potates, three eggs and water for nescafe have been cooked in 2.5 hours. The time elapsed which is 2.5 hour is reasonable in June due to climatic condition in Istanbul. Cooking is safe and neat. The taste of the foods are delicious. The solar cooker does not require frequent sun tracking, because of four adjustable reflector mirros. And it is more efficient than the cooker which manufactured last year in I. T. U. This cooker, in some region of our country, especially in Southeast Anatolia and Mediterrian regions, can be used during 4-5 month efficiently. - xi -

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