Güneş enerjisinden yararlanan su damıtma sistemleri
Solar distillation systems
- Tez No: 21864
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. ABDURRAHMAN KILIÇ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Enerji, Energy
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 106
Özet
ÖZET: insanlar yüzyıllardır nehir, göl, deniz gibi su kaynaklarının yakınlarında yaşamayı ve böylece su problemlerini çözümlemeyi tercih etmişlerdir. Günümüz için bu çözüm yeterli değildir. Çünkü dünya nüfusunun hızla artması doğal su kaynaklarını hızla tüketmiş ve yetersiz hale getirmiştir. Ayrıca, nüfus artışı, kontrolsüz sanayileşme ve getirdiği çevre kirliliği ile zaten az olan su kaynaklarının kirlenmesi ve kullanılmaz hale gelmesinde su sıkıntısını artırmıştır. Bilim adamları miktar olarak daha çok olan tuzlu deniz suyundan içilebilir özellikte tatlı su elde etme yollarını aramaktadırlar. Tükenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanan damıtma sistemleri kurularak tuzlu su damıtılarak içilebilir su elde edilmiştir. Fakat kullanılan enerji kaynaklarıda yeryüzünde kıt olduğundan yeni enerji kaynakları arayışına girilmiş ve tükenmez olarak bilinen güineş enerjisi kullanan damıtma sistemleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu tezde, güneş enerjili damıtma sistemleri incelenmiştir. Günümüzde, diğer damıtma sistemlerinin yanında büyük kapasiteler için, verimi düşük olan güneş enerjili damıtma sistemlerinde, verimi artırabilmek için sisteme ekler konmuştur. Bu tezde Antalya şartlarında basit tipte bir güneş enerjili damıtma sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Bu sistemin veriminin atmosferik ve konstliriktif şartlarla değişimi incelenmiştir. Basit tipteki güneş enerjili damıtma sisteminin verimi güneş ışınımının şiddetinin artması ile artmaktadır. Antalya'da sistemin maksimum verimi Temmuz ayında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca ortamdaki rüzgar hızı ve sıcaklık verimi etkiliyen faktörlerdir. Sistemin önemli elemanı olan saydam örtünün eğim açısı, güneş ışınlarının geliş açısına göre değiştirilerek verim artırılabilir. Güneş enerjili damıtma sistemi, Türkiye gibi suyun eldesi çok ucuz olan Ülkelerde, kullanılacak suyun tamamının karşılanması için oldukça pahalı bir yatırımdır. Bu Ülkelerde, bu sistemler, ek su kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. Su sıkıntısı çeken nüfusu fazla olmayan özellikle adalarda ya da diğer yerleşim yerlerinde verimli olacağı açıktır.
Özet (Çeviri)
Using these expressions for different heat trasfer modes, theoretical amount of productivity can be also calculated. In other words, an iterative procedure may be applied to Eq(2) with giving the input energy and other circumferential conditions such as the ambient temperature, so as to obtain the performance of the solar still analytically. There are two unknown values in the first two equations. In order to solve them, it is required to know water temperature and glass temperature respectively. But these equations are non-linear. So this cannot be solved easly. These temperature have been obtained by the computer program (Appendix A). There are a lot of factors that effect the performance of the basin type solar still: - Solar energy is the unique energy come from out sides of the system. So, higher solar radiation results in high performance (Chapter-5). - Increasing the velocity of wind up to a definite value, results in high efficiency by increasing the heat tranfer from the cover to the ambient. But higher velocities then this definite value lower performance of systems (Chapter-5). - Higher depth of the water in the basin causes increase the amount of water in the basin and the thermal capasity of system. So the most the solar radiation is used for increasing the water temperature. In other words, higher depth of water, lower efficiency. - Higher transparency, lower absorb! t ion of the solar energy, higher efficiency. - When we examine the heat balance equations of system, it may be seen that increasing the basin temperature, decreasing the cover temperature consequently increasing temperature difference between the basin and the cover increases the performance of the system. -xlî-dT Q- = C_^ A. (7) o o,. o dt C and C are specific heat capacity of water and glass cover. Q, is heat flux by evaporation and condensation, it can be defined by the expression (8), Q, = 16.22xl0“9 Q. b ts _?S a T= -Tn S s o (8) Heat loss thorough the base and perimeter of base is Q. This quantity is estimated by the expression; k Q = - - A (T T ) (9) z T Z S Ç z k is thermal conductivity of the base. L is characteristic length of the base. Q. ”and Q are heat flux from the transparent cover to the surroundings. This rate of heat dissipation depends both on radiation to the sky and on convection by air ciculation. Radiation to the sky depends on the effective sky temperature, which is generally taken as 11°C less than the ambient temperature. The convective portion is taken as a function of the wind speed. Qtö + qiö ? eö * (tö - (V11)4) aö + htö(Tö“V aö (10) and, h._ = 5.7 + 3.8V (11) to V is the şind speed, e is emissivity of glass cover. - xı -Using these expressions for different heat trasfer modes, theoretical amount of productivity can be also calculated. In other words, an iterative procedure may be applied to Eq(2) with giving the input energy and other circumferential conditions such as the ambient temperature, so as to obtain the performance of the solar still analytically. There are two unknown values in the first two equations. In order to solve them, it is required to know water temperature and glass temperature respectively. But these equations are non-linear. So this cannot be solved easly. These temperature have been obtained by the computer program (Appendix A). There are a lot of factors that effect the performance of the basin type solar still: - Solar energy is the unique energy come from out sides of the system. So, higher solar radiation results in high performance (Chapter-5). - Increasing the velocity of wind up to a definite value, results in high efficiency by increasing the heat tranfer from the cover to the ambient. But higher velocities then this definite value lower performance of systems (Chapter-5). - Higher depth of the water in the basin causes increase the amount of water in the basin and the thermal capasity of system. So the most the solar radiation is used for increasing the water temperature. In other words, higher depth of water, lower efficiency. - Higher transparency, lower absorb! t ion of the solar energy, higher efficiency. - When we examine the heat balance equations of system, it may be seen that increasing the basin temperature, decreasing the cover temperature consequently increasing temperature difference between the basin and the cover increases the performance of the system. -xlî-dT Q- = C_^ A. (7) o o,. o dt C and C are specific heat capacity of water and glass cover. Q, is heat flux by evaporation and condensation, it can be defined by the expression (8), Q, = 16.22xl0”9 Q. b ts _?S a T= -Tn S s o (8) Heat loss thorough the base and perimeter of base is Q. This quantity is estimated by the expression; k Q = - - A (T T ) (9) z T Z S Ç z k is thermal conductivity of the base. L is characteristic length of the base. Q.“ and Q are heat flux from the transparent cover to the surroundings. This rate of heat dissipation depends both on radiation to the sky and on convection by air ciculation. Radiation to the sky depends on the effective sky temperature, which is generally taken as 11°C less than the ambient temperature. The convective portion is taken as a function of the wind speed. Qtö + qiö ? eö * (tö - (V11)4) aö + htö(Tö ”V aö (10) and, h._ = 5.7 + 3.8V (11) to V is the şind speed, e is emissivity of glass cover. - xı -Using these expressions for different heat trasfer modes, theoretical amount of productivity can be also calculated. In other words, an iterative procedure may be applied to Eq(2) with giving the input energy and other circumferential conditions such as the ambient temperature, so as to obtain the performance of the solar still analytically. There are two unknown values in the first two equations. In order to solve them, it is required to know water temperature and glass temperature respectively. But these equations are non-linear. So this cannot be solved easly. These temperature have been obtained by the computer program (Appendix A). There are a lot of factors that effect the performance of the basin type solar still: - Solar energy is the unique energy come from out sides of the system. So, higher solar radiation results in high performance (Chapter-5). - Increasing the velocity of wind up to a definite value, results in high efficiency by increasing the heat tranfer from the cover to the ambient. But higher velocities then this definite value lower performance of systems (Chapter-5). - Higher depth of the water in the basin causes increase the amount of water in the basin and the thermal capasity of system. So the most the solar radiation is used for increasing the water temperature. In other words, higher depth of water, lower efficiency. - Higher transparency, lower absorb! t ion of the solar energy, higher efficiency. - When we examine the heat balance equations of system, it may be seen that increasing the basin temperature, decreasing the cover temperature consequently increasing temperature difference between the basin and the cover increases the performance of the system. -xlî-
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