Pakistan ve Hindistan'da Şah Veliyullah el Dehlevi'den (Ö. 1176/1762) günümüze kadar hadis çalışmaları
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 37306
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. MEHMED SAİD HATİBOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Din, Religion
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 297
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY OF STUDY The muslims initially came to subcontinent in the golden age of Islam. Firstly they came in the period of Kelif Hz. Umar(ra); and in h. 93 with the comming of Muhammad bin Qasim (98/717 ? ) only Sind (India) became the far east teretory of Umavi Khilafat. With the comming of sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi (421/1030) the India became under the control of Muslim Government. History provides us the details of Arabic and Ghaznavi invaders but we are deprived from the details of Islamic influence and its impact on local culture. The reison behind this is that the old historians have paid their ettentions to the explanations of muslim soldiers or to the lifehistories of muslims imperialism but little devation has been paid to the inflence of Islamic thoughts and the local reaction to it. In this research we tried to highlight on the muslims comming, their settelment and expansions of Islamic thoughts. The following three internal factors are viewed to be important for this. 1 -Settelment of some Indian groups in Arab countries. 2- Commercial Relations. 3- Correlation in the belief of thoughts. Beside this the external factors like the truism and long lasting effects of Islamic teachings (thought), the perfectness and attraction of Islamic walfare system and Islamic preatures efforts were causes of deep rootning of Islam in the area under discussion. Due to all these factors the Islamic thoughts are prevailing here in one or other sence. With the begining of Islam the basic Islamic knowladges ie Quran and Hadith also begin to come and develop here. In the field of Tafseer- e-Quran ie Hadith, even though very difficult atmosphere to be faced, many people started travelling for the studies After completing there studies these famous personalities served the motherland as well as other countries, they worked in such a manner that their efforts remain longlife. In the old hadith scholars Sindhi, Debali, Mansuri Kasdari and Lahori are the representives of this area. In the 9th century Gujart teretory was the centre of local and non local hadith scholars and their voices 278were recognized for the purpose. Among the subcontinent famous hadith scholars are; el-Saghani (650/1250), Ali el-Muttaki-al-Hindi (975/1567). Tahir Pattani (986/1578) and Shaykh Abdulhaq Dihlawi (1052/1642). In the subcontinent stegnent atmospher Shah Wali-uyyah (1176/1762) worked for the idiological independence and specially for the following hadith in the living style. With this movement hadith in practies, the stignent situation got movementem. In the expenson of this movement, after Shah Wali-ullah Dehlevi (1176/1762); Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlevi (1239/1824), Shah Muhammad Ismail Dehlevi (1246/1831), Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1262/1846), Abdul Hay Lucknowi (1304/1886), Nawab Saddique Hassan Khan Qannuji (1307/1890), Syed Nazeer Husain Muhaddis Dehlevi (1320/1902), Mevlana Rashid Ahmed Gangohi (1323/1905), Mevlana Shams-ul-Haq Azim Abadi (1329/1911), Mevlana Mahmood Hassan Deobandi (1339/1920), Mevlana Abdul Rahman Mubarikpuri (1353/1935), Mevlana Shabeer Ahmed Usmani (1369/1949), Mevlana Zafar Ahmed Usmani (1394/1974), Mevlana Attaulla Hanif (1398/1978) were the important personalities. As a result of this movment in subcontinent the people started to exercise hadith in prectical life instead of following different great scholar's thoughts or decisions (Fetvas), and also they paid more atention to creat hadith literature. Generally subcontinent, because of devorion paid hadith, today keeps an important position in the Islamic world; International fame scholor Allame Rashid Raza had also recognized the work of this Hadith movement. This part is related with the different schools of islamic thougths in the subcontinent and their contribution to the Hadith studies both in teaching as well as setting literature for the purpose. In the first instance, Ahnaf being one of the oldest group in the subcontinent is under the discussion. Today in the suscontinent Hanfi scohole of tought is devided in the two groups named Deobandi and Brailvi and they are comming acroes each other frequently. In these groups, Deobandi beacuse of being more educated and civilized, enjoy an important position. They are working for their idiological education, expansion of literature and preaching of their idea's in an effective way. in the field of Hadith Tanvi, Usmani and like Azmi, are famous personalities who beling to this gruop. One of the subfact of this gruop is busy in preaching programs under the name of Tablighi Jamat and frequently vist various countries of the world. They are working for the islamic preaching wilh full devation and enthusiasm, if they work for the islamic welfare state, notonly the 279prayers (Ibadat) a hope isthere, they can conquar for the Islamic state and can achieve better results. We should not forget that their followers or workers are much more in guantity than other groups. The second gruop of Hanfies named Brailvi, is busy in the field giving or offering fetva i.e. they blaim all those who are out of their thoughts are kafirs and are involved in such activities which are mostly against the Islamic theachings and controversial to the soul of Quran and Sunne. They are doing all these due to lack of education, and due to this they fail to achive positive results. In the resit of Shah Waliullah's movement of hadith in practice and his grandson Shah Muhammad Ismail Dehlevi's struggle far hadith in real practice the group of hadith activaters (who are called Ehl-i Hadith in subcontitent) came into being again. These was headed by Shah Muhammad Ishaq Dehlevi's student Seyyid Nezeer Hussain Muhaddis Dehlevi; and he organized the group who was well learned and very sincere to the said thoughts. Qannuji, Diyanevi and Mubarekpuri were well known personalities of this group. They preached for this ideology in the subcontinent on national basis. The ideological basement of this group is based on the refusal of thoughts which are against Islam i.e. şirk and bidat, to serve and give respect to muslims scholars but not to follow them blindly i.e. taqlid, in the individual life following Islamic thoughts directly i.e. Quran and Sunna, and collectivly to spend their lives under the rules of Islamic welfere system. Like their slogans they were aggressive in the practise also. Due to their jihad Movement in the subcontinent they were great obsticals for British Rulers. Now with the expansion this movement is loosing their orignality. Their voice, hadith in practice, is more emotional, rather than in practice which is going to the down quantem, but evenden once again this movement got life upon the activation of their one group called Merkez ed-Da'va ve'l Irshad, this movment is once again getting full swing. The practicaly aspect is increasing with the theoretical aspects; but their lock in general (Zahiriat) is also incereasing. However this group is very effective, advantagies and is working comprehensively for the Hadith in practice movement. The people of this school of thought are strictly followers of Hadith in practice and beside this they struggle on the Hanafies, that you are not following Hadith as reguired and to compel Hanefies to follow Hadith instead of Fiqh, they are successful in this regard. Consequent upon the Shah Waliullah's indipendence movement for ideology and his grand son Shah Ismail Dehlevi's and his commander in 280chief for jihad Syed Ahmad Brelvi struggle for Islamic state, got in spired from them and put on the same line Seyyid Abu'lala Mevdudi (1399/1979) the foundation of his party in 1941. He presented Islam as a complete code of life and the religion to rule. To get escape from the western civilization and to get Muslim's rid of from the interiority complex he prepared revolutionary and update literature. He worked for the following of Shah Waliullah's preaching and ideology in practce. Syed Mevdudi due to his ideology and literature was moving on his peak, but due to popularity and expansion, this peak carve slashed to downward. Instead of jihad and revolutionary style, he followed the democratic way which he was previously quoting as“Lat ve Manat”. Because of the colorful and chearful slogans,“first Islamic state and then individuals ethical perfectness”, he last his identity chronologically. In the hadith field keeping some modern ideas,he got confrontation with the classical hadith scholars. Due to confrontation their work instead of islamic schools (madrasa's) and mosques, was diverted only to universty and colleges educated people. Due to this divertion Jamat made an other strategy, succeded in penetrating in all sectors of life like doctors, educationist, scholars, students and labour. Alltough they are limited in number but are full of devotions for their ideas. Today Jamat has put on a side their ideological greatness and individuality and has started to work practically like an ordinary political party to become a ruling power and in the result to establish an islamic welfare state. In the subcontinent Jihad movement and the idea for the establishment of Islamic state smached the British masters peaceful living. They on the one side to crush the movement practiced humen being enemyship and did barbarism which could not be found in Human History. At the same time to devide the unity and Holly sole of Jihad tried to buy some faith ful personalities like Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Quadyani (1326/1908). For proving his loyalty to Britishers and enemyship with Islam he claimed prophethood. He tried for the cancellation of Jihad and started preaching to indians for living in peaceful atmosphere under the ruling of Brithish Government. He claimed that the present volumes of Hadith can not be trusted : and by doing this he payed his devation for the happines of his masters and division of muslims. In the subontinent an other group came in to being who were greatly inspired from the British way of life. This group worked in the name of Hadith refusers or munkirin-i Hadith (Ehl-e-Quran) and distancing the sunnah and Hadith movement in subcontinent they got popularity. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1315/1898) is called as a bigner of this group and then follewed by Ghalam Ahmad Pervez (1405/1985). This group insisted 281on the Quran against sunnah and hadith. They tried to understand the Quran only by the arabic language not by the Prophetic quidence i.e. sunnah and because of this the Quran became a miserable book with which they played as desired. With the unlogic, unbelieveable and self esteemless Quranic explanation created ill minds; and all these were causing to illiminate the compactness and completness of Islam, beside this the unity and integrity of muslim basis ie sunnah and hadith were started disappearing. The idea of Hadith refusal got development in the British hands and this was inspired from the westren civilization. During this era Muhammad Iqbal (1357/1938) was shining on the sky of subcontinent. He presented and showed love and belongingness to the Hadith of Prophet in such a way that can not be founded in the views of great scholars. He himself observed the scientific development and artificial brightness of westren civilization and tried to work for the reawakning and development of muslims on the Quranic and Hadith lines, being the only way for the complete welfare of them and not by the following of westren civilization. Beside this there is an important personality born in East and died in the West i,e, Dr. Fazalur-Rahman (1408/1988) being considered to be the nucleus of east and west is also under discussion. Because of his ispiration from west he was not beliving in colletions of Hadith, to be trusteble but due to eastren effects he was accepting the authority of Hadith. The discussed above schools of toughts and personalities due to their active work in the field of hadith are popular in subcontinent, either on the positive or negative lines are being remembered for long. In the subcontinent some of the schools for their determineable ideas and teaching services are considered to bevery active. For example Darululum Deoband is the greatest hanfi school being existing on the classical mode. Nadvat-ul-Ulama Lucknow is keeping the liaison position and amalgamating ideas. Aligarh (Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's school) was once considered to be the lender of the last resort for munkirin-i Hadith. In the sub continent some of the publishing organization were and are active in the publishig fields. Out of these Dairatul Muariful Usmania Hyderabad Dakan is the most famous. This publishing institute has published some of the old and non available literature and then has meet the requirement of literary world. In the publishing field list of the publishing companies who served little bid is too much lengthy. Now a days Jamia Salafia, Banaras is on the top who are publishing Hadith 282literature in ındia. The hadith literature has been introduced in subcontinent from various sources. This transmission of these sources is continued in written as well as audical. Subcontient itself created and owes a great volume of Hadith literature.lt includes published and unpublished material. Some times only books names are remembered because the orignal books have been disappeared with the passage of time. When the development of this literature is considered it can be linked with the Hadith movement because when the Hadith in practice movemet was started in subcontinent and its activities were on peak, by that time the production graph was going up. The Hanfi class was also effected when the followers of this movement started strees on the Hadith in practice.ln the result the production of Hadith Literature increased too much because the movement follewers were using it for affence and Hanfi class for defence, and the sub continent market became rich and is being riched with Hadith Literature. In short the sub continent because of Hadith in practice movement, Hadith educational and publishing activities got importance and the Islamic world is compeled to consult this region when research is made on this topic. Due to these activies the visits of Hadith students to subcontient from all over the world begin and is still contineuing. to get the attention of other countries, subcontinent's literature also played an important role. These visits are helpful in the transformation of ideas and integration of muslim scholars. From this concise summary we can conclude that this movement worked effectively for the development and keeping long life Hadith literature in subcontinent. The movement is also struggling for the initiating people for the search of true Hadith instead they should remain stegnent useing untrustable sources. Beside of this the movement is trying to minimize the muslims religious differences: in the result the muslims can follow Quranic teachings and its explanation in the shape of Hadith and matual religious difference will be got removed. The people are diverting to Quran and Hadith instead of man made ideas and toughts of some leading personalities. The return to the Quran and Hadith and to the holy prophet is the main reason for he muslim unity. This helped and is being helping in generating love and peace among the muslims. Keeping in view the advantages and fruitful results of this movement, the desire for movement like this in other countries is but naturally. The researcher prays that may God give us the courage to face any difficulties if arrised in following Quranic teachings and Hadith in 283practical life. The expression of all this in words is not enough but needs to be follewed practically. By doing all these one's mind get freedom which they follow with out knowledge or by following blindly some ones, and also create mental liberty for ideological thinking. Because with the mental freedom one can work for Hadith teachings and can make it nucleus for practical implication. At the same time the ideas of classical Hadith scholars can also be judged. The individuality can come out from theories and can diverse for emphaticacally. When the classical scholars ideas and thoughts are criticized and defended, this remove the differences among the muslims, so caused due to strict belongingness to some leading personalities in Islamic history of Islamic thoughts, and open ways for further development, biright future and purification. 284
Benzer Tezler
- 1850-1900 yılları arası Hint yarımadasındaki İslami fikir akımları
The Different schools of Islamic thought in the sub-continent of indo-Pakistan between 1850 and 1900
DURMUŞ BULGUR
Doktora
Türkçe
1999
DinAnkara ÜniversitesiDoğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatları Ana Bilim Dalı
YRD. DOÇ. DR. SELMA BENLİ
- Babürlüler Devleti'nin kurucusu Babür Şah'ın dış siyaseti
Founder of the Babur's Empire Shah-i Babur foreign of policy
BİLAL KOÇ
- Delhi sultanlarından Halaciler (Alaeddin Muhammed-Şah Halaci devri)
Başlık çevirisi yok
S. HALUK KORTEL
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1994
Tarihİstanbul ÜniversitesiOrtaçağ Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ERDOĞAN MERÇİL
- Afganistan ve Pakistan ilişkisinin iniş ve çıkışları
Afganistan and Pakistan relations with their ups and downs
MOHAMMAD DAVUD IBRAHIMI
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2021
Uluslararası İlişkilerİstanbul Medeniyet ÜniversitesiUluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. MUHAMMET LUTFULLAH KARAMAN
- Serological investigation of peste des petits ruminants in lambs in Iraq-Kirkuk region
Irak–Kerkük bölgesinde kuzularda küçük ruminant vebası (pestedes petits ruminants ppr)'ın seroprevalansı
SARWAT KHORSHED RAHEEM
Yüksek Lisans
İngilizce
2022
Sağlık YönetimiVan Yüzüncü Yıl ÜniversitesiSağlık Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. SÜLEYMAN KOZAT