Mimari dil bağlamında bir parametrik biçim grameri

A Parametrik shape grammer in the context of architectural languages

Tez No: 39341
Yazar: SUZAN SANLI
Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. GÜLSÜN SAĞLAMER
Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
Yıl: 1993
Dil: Türkçe
Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
Sayfa Sayısı: 398

Özet

ÖZET Bir mimari stile ait bileşenlerin, ve bu bileşenler arasındaki biçimsel ve anlamsal ilişkilerin belirlenmesiyle, hiç uygulanmamış yaratıcı çözümlerin araştırılması için uygun tasarım ortamı sağlanabilir. Bu tezin konusu, seçilen konu mimarına ait tek aile konutlarında zemin ve üst kat planları çerçevesinde para- metrik biçim grameri hazırlanması, ve sınırlı sayıda sözlük elemanları ve gramer kurallarıyla farklı alternatiflerin olasılıklar kapsamında tasarlanmasıdır. Seçilen tipte zemin ve üst kat planları için hazırlanan iki ayrı biçim grameri programlanmak üzere ayrıntılı bir algoritma olarak düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın 1. bölümünde geliştirilmesi hedeflenen sis tem tanıtılmış, 2. bölümünde ise sistemin dayandırıldığı kavram, metod, ve yaklaşımlar ele alınmış, örnek alınan biçim gramerleri verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde konu mimarı olarak seçilen Yılmaz Sanlı ve mimari dilini belirleyen temel ilkeler genel hatları ile tanıtılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde 27 adet konut örneği zemin kat planlarına göre gruplandırılmış, planlar bileşenlerine ayrış tırılmış, mekan ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Daha sonra ise seçilen plan tipine ait sözlük kompozisyonları oluşturulmuş, boyutsal sınırlamalar saptanmış, bu tipe uygun üst kat planları incelenmiş ve biçim gramerinin temel yapısı tanıtılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde, analiz çalışmalarında belirlenen mimari dil kuralları ile zemin kat planları üreten bir biçim grameri sunulmuştur. Altıncı bölümde üretilmiş olan zemin kat planındaki durumlar kontrol edilmiş, ve saptanan durumlara uygun olan üst kat planını üreten ikinci bir biçim grameri ele alınmıştır. Her iki bölümde de temel karar adımları tüm alt açılımları ile. sıralanarak programlama için uygun ve gerçekçi bir algoritma oluşturulmuştur. Yedinci bölümde yapılan araştırmalar ve oluşturulan algoritma çerçevesinde sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. xA PARAMETRIC SHAPE GRAMMAR IN THE CONTEXT OF ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGES SUMMARY The style of an architect or any architectural style can be analyzed in terms of architectural languages. Vocabulary elements and grammar which defines the relationships among these elements constitute the syntactic structures of architectural languages. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that by the decomposition of an existing building or a group of buildings, the grammar rules that combine the elements can be found out, and with the extracted rules, new designs can be achieved within the possibilities of combination. In this research an architect, whose own style is composed of his personal architectural principles and a carefully chosen vocabulary elements, is selected for this analysis. The topic is restricted to the ground and first floor designs of two-story houses. The final target in this study is the algorithm of a computer program which is formed of two parametric shape grammars given for the generation of ground floor and first floor plans. In the first chapter, the goal of this thesis is stated and it is argued that through the use of grammar rules, alternative designs are produced in the architectural language of the original design. In the second chapter, the background research is introduced. First of all, four basic concepts of computerized design are outlined. These introductory concepts are typology, transformation, generative systems, and architectural languages. Then the formal representations that formed the foundation of computer aided design are researched and analyzed in detail. Another topic examined in this chapter is the approach adopted in the design process: topdown, and bottomup. The last issue to be studied has been the shape grammars on which this thesis is founded. In order to demonstrate and represent the ideas argued, many examples are used. Especially the shape grammar given ' for the generation of Queen Anne Houses and the Palladian Grammar form the basis of this study. xx

Özet (Çeviri)

A PARAMETRIC SHAPE GRAMMAR IN THE CONTEXT OF ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGES SUMMARY The style of an architect or any architectural style can be analyzed in terms of architectural languages. Vocabulary elements and grammar which defines the relationships among these elements constitute the syntactic structures of architectural languages. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that by the decomposition of an existing building or a group of buildings, the grammar rules that combine the elements can be found out, and with the extracted rules, new designs can be achieved within the possibilities of combination. In this research an architect, whose own style is composed of his personal architectural principles and a carefully chosen vocabulary elements, is selected for this analysis. The topic is restricted to the ground and first floor designs of two-story houses. The final target in this study is the algorithm of a computer program which is formed of two parametric shape grammars given for the generation of ground floor and first floor plans. In the first chapter, the goal of this thesis is stated and it is argued that through the use of grammar rules, alternative designs are produced in the architectural language of the original design. In the second chapter, the background research is introduced. First of all, four basic concepts of computerized design are outlined. These introductory concepts are typology, transformation, generative systems, and architectural languages. Then the formal representations that formed the foundation of computer aided design are researched and analyzed in detail. Another topic examined in this chapter is the approach adopted in the design process: topdown, and bottomup. The last issue to be studied has been the shape grammars on which this thesis is founded. In order to demonstrate and represent the ideas argued, many examples are used. Especially the shape grammar given ' for the generation of Queen Anne Houses and the Palladian Grammar form the basis of this study. xxIn the third chapter, the architect, Yılmaz Sanlı, whose works have been analyzed is introduced in terms of his architectural style. The architect is one of the well- known contemporary architects of Turkey who has practiced architecture for over forty years. Consequently, he has formed a defined, well structured design world for himself. This factor has simplified the search of structure that formed the architectural language in the examined floor plans. In the fourth chapter the collected house plans are analyzed to structure the architectural language. The aspects of typology and the parametric evaluation of design are completely based on the ground floor plan. The first floor plan is accepted as a component of the ground floor and generated according to the conditions of the designed elements of the ground floor plan. The whole idea in this chapter is to explore the geometric aspects in Sanlı architecture in terms of two- dimensional design. The twenty-seven houses selected for study are mostly designed on the countryside, especially by the sea or at the mountains. At the first step the ground floor plans of these houses are classified in two groups according to the spatial organization. First group consists of the floor plans that can be defined with the underlying grids as in Palladian Grammar. The second group consists of the floor plans in which the elements are parts of an additive re shaped system. All of these plan layouts are analyzed in terms of the global shape, entrance position, symmetry, and design system. Further, the organizing component in the floor plan, the main staircase, is defined in terms of its place, type, and shape. Finally, the spatial analysis is done on the components (rooms) of the plan layout. They are examined according to their horizontal and vertical positions, dimensions, and shapes; in other words, according to their geometrical and topological features. The floor plans with underlying grids are selected for further examination in this study. First, the grids of the plan layouts are defined in terms of three functional zones: entrance, service groups, and the living-room. The entrance zone is composed of a hall and the staircase (sometimes the stairs are outside the entance zone). The elements that may be placed in the service group are the kitchen, WC, study, dining room, hall, maid's room, guest room, a bathroom, and sometimes the staircase. XIIThe livingroom zone may contain a diningroom, a study, or the main staircase. Three types of grid are given: 2x1, 3x1, and, 3x2. In order to prepare a vocabulary for each grid type, all of the plans are decomposed into three zones (in the case of 2x1, 2 zones). Following this step, the spatial relationships are explored within the plan in terms of the three grid types and lay-out plans are drawn for each plan. The main purpose is the exploration of the sentactic parameters as well as the semantic aspects as a whole. At the end of this geometric, formal, and organizational study, floor plans with 3x2 grids are selected to be generated by the targeted parametric shape grammar. This shape grammar is formed in a general structure which can also be used for 2x1 and 3x1 systems with little modification. The floor plans defined by the 3x2 grid have bilateral symmetry. The symmetry axis passes through the entrance door and divides the plan into two equal parts. In the fourth chapter, the last sections include a thorough description of the targeted system. At the first step the predetermination concerning the area of the floor plan is considered. In the computer program, the user decides on the area of his or her house plan within the limits based on the actual areas of the analyzed floor plans. Accordingly, it is accepted that the selected value obeys the regulations and the context. The second issue deals with the direction of the favored view. One of the grammar rules is that the livingroom is always placed on the side with the best view. Once the livingroom is placed in the grid, all the other zones are also functionally defined. In this chapter, finally vocabulary elements and dimensional constraints for each zone are determined. Then the same information is given concerning the first floor plan. The upper floor schema appropriate for this type of ground floor plan is defined in terms of the underlying grid and the zones. The first floor plan is defined with a 3x1 grid. There are two sleeping zones composed of bedrooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, and sometimes corridors or halls. The middle section is either completely open with only the staircase and a whole around it, and used as an upper floor livingroom, or its front part is added to the sleeping zones. XI 11With the short analysis of the upper floor plan, the information needed for the generation of both floor plans is fully prepared. In the fifth chapter a parametric shape grammar is represented to generate the ground floor plans. The process starts with an initial shape, continues with the application of successive grammar rules, and ends with a generated floor plan. The steps that define the generation of the ground floor plan are:. First step: Definition of the grid The initial task is an abstract, dimesionless 3x2 grid.. Second step: Selecting a value for the total area The range of the area for the ground floor plans is from 95 m2 to 211 m2. The user enters a value within the limits determined.. Third step: Selection of the view direction Following the selection of the view direction, the livingroom is placed in the grid, on the side with the best view.. Fourth step: Placement of the axis of symmetry The symmetry axis disects the livingroom and passes through the entrance door. With this operation all of the compartments in the grid are functionally defined.. Fifth step: Dimensioning the plan The limits of dimensional proportion are found out in the analysis section. At this step, the user chooses a value within these limits. Through ' the proportional value with the determined area, the rectangle representing the ground floor plan is dimensioned.. Sixth step: Generation of the livingroom Once the grid is dimensioned and the zones are defined, the next step is the generation of the livingroom. First the rectangle that defines the livingroom is dimensioned. Then the livingroom alternatives in the vocabulary are introduced to the user. The selected type is generated and placed in the predetermined compartments of the grid. xivSeventh step: Selecting the alternatives for the service groups Next the user is asked to select two alternatives for the service groups. Each chosen alternative is controlled with the constraints. For instance, it is made sure that one of the zones contains a kitchen; on the other hand, two kitchens in the same plan are not allowed.. Eighth step: Controlling the position of the main staircase The main organizing component of the plan layout is the staircase. The genereation of the first floor plan follows three different directions depending on the position of the stairs. The main staircase may be placed in the selected livingroom or one of the service group alternatives. If the staircase is not placed in any of these zones, then it is in the entrance hall.. Ninth step: Generation of the service groups The alternatives chosen by the user are dimensioned and shaped according to the grammar rules and then placed in the predetermined positions in the grid.. Tenth step: Generation of the entrance hall The dimensions are already determined since it is the last compartment to be generated. If the main staircase is placed outside the hall, the zone is already generated. However, if the main staircase is placed in the entrance hall, the user can choose among a group of alternatives. The selected hall is controlled with the dimensional and organizational constraints, and then generated. In this chapter each direction which the process follows is handled separately. Successive steps are listed completely. Besides the main program, also procedures are recommended for parametric relations and transformational operations to simplify the generation process. In the sixth chapter, the generated groud floor plan is controlled and defined in terms of certain states. Then a suitable upper floor plan is generated. A second parametric shape grammer is developed in relation to the ground floor. The successive generation steps are:. First step: Definition of the grid The first floors of the ground floor plans with the 3x2 underlying grid are defined by a 3x1 grid.. Second step: Definitions of the zones xvTwo zones on two sides are defined as the sleeping zones, and the zone inbetween is defined as the middle section.. Third step: Controlling the position of the main staircase The position of the staircase is determined on the ground floor. Three positions are possible. Each position determines a different direction for the process to follow. Following this step, the steps 4-6 are repeated for each staircase position. Fourth step: The dimensioning of the upper floor plan The upper floor plan is cantilevered out above the ground floor plan on all four sides or only on two sides. According two these two conditions and the dimensions of the ground floor, the first floor plan is dimensioned. Fifth step: Generation of the sleeping zones At this step, the constraints defined by the ground floor plan are controlled and an appropriate zone alternative is recommended, shaped, and dimensioned. For instance, if the staircase is in the entrance hall, and the plan is cantilevered out above the first floor on all four sides, and the livingroom is T-shaped, and there is a circular service staircase, then the first alternative is generated, etc. Sixth step: Generation of the middle section Again the groud floor plan is controlled. According to the type of entrance hall, and the sleeping zone alternative used, the middle section is generated. In the generation process of the ground floor plan, the user has actually himself or herself designed the plan with the selections he or she has made. With the selected parametric values the floor plan is dimensioned, and the chosen vocabulary elements are generated and placed in the layout within the limits of dimensional and organizational constraints. However, in the generation of the first floor plan, the decisions, which have been made on the level of ground floor, have created certain conditions. Accordingly, instead of the user choices, these formed conditions determine the direction of the generation process. xvi

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