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Alünitli kaolenlerin değerlendirilmesi

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 39457
  2. Yazar: NAİL YAPA
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. SUNA ATAK
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Maden Mühendisliği ve Madencilik, Mining Engineering and Mining
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1993
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 118

Özet

ÖZET Bu çalışma, Kuzey-Batı Anadolu'da bulunan ve rezervi 100 milyon tonun üzerinde olan alünitli kaolenlerin değerlendirilebilirle olanaklarını araştırmak için yapılan incelemeler ve sonuçlarını içermektedir. Deneysel çalışmalar, Balıkesir-Balya Turplu alü- nitli-hallaysit cevheri esas alınarak, öncelikle ayni ocaktan alınan saf alünit ve saf halloysit numuneleri ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında Balıkesir, Çanakkale ve Bursa' da bulunan üç farklı ocağa ait alünitli kaolen cevherlerinin flotas- yon yöntemi ile zenginleştirme çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Elektrostatik ayırma ile zenginleştirmede, 1D.DDG volt geri lim altında halloysitin daha fazla iletken özellikte olduğu saf numunelerle yapılan deneyler sonucu saptanmıştır. Tuvenan alü- nitli-halloysit cevheri ile 0.1 mm üstünde yapılan elektrostatik ayırma deneylerinde, % 2.92 SO, içerikli iletken halloysit kon santresi % 35.9 oranında kazanılmıştır. Elektrostatik ayırma ile zenginleştirme sağlanmakta fakat serbestleşmenin 0.1 mm altında olması nedeniyle istenen kalitede ürünler alınamamaktadır. Yapılan yüzey elektrik yükü ölçümlerinde alünitin sıfır yük noktasının pH:6.5'ta olduğu, halloysitin yüzey elektrik yükünün ise pH:2.2-11.5 arasında sürekli negatif olduğu saptanmıştır. Saf minerallerle yapılan mikra-flotasyon deneylerinde sodyum- oleat ve sodyum dadesil sülfat' m alünit 'i % BO'nin üzerinde ve rimlerle yüzdürdüğü ancak halloysitin de % 60 verimle yüzebildi ği saptanmıştır. Kullanılan bastırıcı reaktiflerden sodyum- fluosilikat, alüminyum sülfat ve dekstrinin iki minerali de bastırdığı, sodyum silikatın alüniti bir miktar bastırırken, halloysit üzerinde bastırıcı etkisinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Flotasyon deneyleri, beş kademe olarak sodyum-oleat ilavesi ve kontrollü köpük oluşumu sağlanarak yapılmıştır. Alınan kaba konsantrenin iki defa temizlenmesi ile Turplu alünitli halloysit cevherinde % 32.78 SO, içerikli alünit konsantresi % 35.5 SO, verimi ile alınırken, artıkta ise % 0.31 SO, içerikli halloysit kazanılmıştır. Balıkesir-Bağkıran Ilıca ve Çanakkale-Sarıbeyli kaolenleri ile yapılan flotasyon deneylerinde sırasıyla % 0.22 ve % 0.36 S0, içerikli kaolen % 73.7 ve % 66.0 oranlarında alın mıştır. Bursa-Mustafakemalpaşa alünitli kaoleni ile 32 pm altın da yapılan flotasyon deneyinde, tane serbestleşmesinin daha da ince boyutlarda olması nedeni ile kaolenin S0, içeriği ancak % 1.99 değerine düşürülebilmiştir. vı

Özet (Çeviri)

BENEFICIATIDN DF ALUNITE BEARING KAOLINITE SUMMARY AlunitE is üne of the mast important raw materials which can be used in the production of aluminum in place of bauxite. In addition., depending on the presence of potassium sulphate in alunite structure, it can be used in the fertilizer production. In Turkey, there are large alunite deposits to be utilized in turn forms, the first one having 100 million tons of alunite with kaolinite and the second one with 60 million tons of alunite containing quartz. Treatment of alunitic kaolinite deposits is generally done by thermo-chemical methods and quartz or kaolinite can be separated from alunite by heating over 1000 C. But kaolinite produced by this process, cannot be utilized in ceramic industry due to the loss of its plactic pro perties. In this thesis, it has been tried to obtain kaolinite and alunite of the suitable quality. Experimental studies have been carried out with kaolinite ores con taining alunite by the application of physical and physico- chemical methods. Before enrichment experiments, diffe rences in mineral characteristics were determined by detailed studies. Pure alunite and halloysite( a kind of kaolinite) samples are obtained from Balikesir-Balya Turplu halloy- site ore containing alunite. These minerals were hand- picked according to their different appearences with respect to colour, luster and texture. As a result of the mineralogical investigations which were made on the Balikesir-Balya Turplu alunite-halloysite ore, within Vllthe hallaysite, alunite crystals were determined at the size of 5-1D pm. And moreover there are halloysite and alunite at the size of 1Q-5D ^jm in micritic structure. Experiments showed that it is impossible to bene- ficiate the alunite-halloysite ore with mechanical disintegration and classification. However, preconcentra- tiün can be made plus 2D mm size by using the differences of mineral properties such as colour, luster and texture by hand-picking. Through the specific gravity deter minations of pure samples with pycnometer namely, a specific gravity of 2.70 for alunite, and 2.55 for hal loysite were established. It is almost impassible to separate them economically by most of the gravity methods except heavy media separation. One of the important characteristics of alunite mineral is pyro-electrical behaviour. This was the starting point for possibility of electrostatic separation. Experiments were made with pure minerals in order to determine electrical conductivity of alunite and halloy site. It was found out that halloysite is more conduc tive than alunite when they are in an electrical field of“ID. ODD volts. The electrostatic separation was applied to halloysite ore containing alunite, a halloysite con centrate was obtained with 2.92 % SG, from the ore con taining 7.76 % SQ,. Because of the working conditions, electrostatic separation was applied to plus 0.1 mm sized dry material which was above the liberation size of these minerals. Therefore, SO, percentages were not as low as acceptable value for halloysite concentrate, which should contain less than 0.^ % SO,. These was no dissolution of pure alunite in the distilled waten under the normal temperature. However it was observed that there was very slow dissolution of alunite in the concentrated H”S0,. Before micro-flotation experiments with pure samples, zeta potential measurements of both minerals were obtained versus pH. Zeta potentials were measured by Zeta-Meter System 3.0 in the 1D“3 mole/liter NaCl solution and the results are fallowing; Halloysite has permanently negative charge between pH 2.2 and 11.5 while alunite has a zero point of charge at pH 6.5. Alunite has positive electrical charge below pH 6.5, where as negative electrical surface charge above this point. vmMicro-f lotatian experiments with pure alunite and hallaysite mere conducted in order to investigate the effect of oleic-acid,- sodium dodecyl sulphate and dodecyl amine on the recoveries of these minerals in question. Furthermore, the influence of pH and the modifiers such as sodium silicate, sodium f luosilicate, aluminum sulphate and dextrin were monitored. In the micro-f lûtation experiments of pure minerals with anionic collectors, flotation recoveries of 97.6% and 82. Q% were obtained in alunite flotation when 2.5x1 G”mole/liter sodium-oleate and 2.5x1 G~ moleAiter sodium dodecyl-sulphate were used respectively. In the case of hallaysite, recoveries reached 60. Q% when the same amount of collectors was used in the micro-flotation tests. On the other hand as the flotation was performed with a cationic collector (dodecyl amine), the recovery values of around 20. 0-30. D % were achieved for both alunite and hallaysite minerals. The effect of pH on the recovery of alunite investigated at constant collector concentrations using 2.5x10“ mole/liter sodium-oleate and 2.5x10”moleAiter sodium dodecyl sulphate. High recovery values more than 80.0% were obtained at a pH range between ^.0 and 10.0 when sodium-oleate was used, indicating chemisorption of oleate. On the other hand, in the case of sodium dodecyl sulphate as a collector, optimum flotation was found to occur between pH k.O and 7.0, where physical adsorption may be ascribed on alunite surface. The optimum floatability of alunite was achieved at around pH 6.5 with sodium oleate and sodium dodecyl sulphate where the recoveries were 97.0 and 85. D % respectively. '. The effect of modifiers such as sodium-silicate, sodium f luosilicate, aluminium sulphate and dextrine was investigated an the flotation of alunite and halloysite using sodium oleate as collector. These groups of experiments showed that all modifiers depressed both alunite and halloysite minerals effectively with the exception of sodium silicate, which depressed alunite slightly, however almost no depressing action was noted for halloysite. IXBench flotation experiments were carried out with Balikesir-Balya Turplu halloysite ore containing alunite whose SO, content was 7.76 %. Ixlhen the flotation was carried out with the run of mine sample, the optimum results were obtained at a size fraction below 63 ^Lim where the pulp density was 10 % and the pH measured 7.2. Under those conditions sodium-oleate was added to the pulp at five stages reaching a total amount of 3000 g/t. It was observed that 1 0 g/t MIBC was enough to achieve a good froth layer. Halloysite product containing 0.31 % SO, was obtained as the non-floating fraction which can be considered to have a good quality to be utilised in ceramic manif acturing. After the concentrate was cleaned twice, an alunite product can be produced with 32. 7B % SO, content. When the halloysite concentrate from the bench flotation, which contained 0.31 % SO,, was fed to a column cell^the SO, grade of halloysite was seen to drop to 0.29 %. On the other hand, at the end of two successive cleaning flotation with a Denver celljthe 50, content of alunite increased up to 32. 7B % wheras two stage column flotation could only produced a concentrate having 31.1 6 % SO,. Bench flotation tests were conducted with three different types of alunite containing kaolinite ores; under the conditions optimised for halloysite flotation. These ores, namely Balıkesir-Düvertepe Bağkıran Ilıca, Çanakkale-Çan Sarıbeyli and Bursa-Mustaf akemalpaşa, contain 1.94 %, 1.17 % and 9.8B % SO, respectively. The latter has the finest liberation size. For this reason the flotation tests were applied to two of these samples at minus 63 jum while at minus 32 pm to the last one. After flotation tests, kaolinite concentrates were produced as non-floating section containing 0.22 %, 0.36 % and 1.99 % SO, from Balıkesir-Düvertepe Bağkıran Ilıca, Çanakkale-Çan Sarıbeyli and Bursa-Mustaf akemalpaşa ores respectively. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate by benef iciation alunite containing kaolinite ores having large reserves, which were generally found in the north-west Turkey, for the utilization by ceramic industry. It was therefore established that a kaolinite concentrate with 0.4 % SO, content could be produced by flotation using sodium-oleate as collector.Furthermore, it is ujarth realizing that an alunite concentrate with a high grade of SO, was obtained after two stage flotation cleaning in this investigation. However, because of the heteregeneous distribution of alunite in kaolinite and complex nature of these ores, it is of utmost importance to establish the flotation behaviours of different types of ores from various sources under laboratory and pilot plant conditions before constructing a full scale concentrating plant. XI

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