Prefabrike konut üretiminde kullanılan beton bünyeli panoların üretim depolama-taşıma ve montaj süreçlerinde boyutlarına gelen kısıtlamaların incelenmesi
The Determination of the dimensional limitations that is put on the production, warehousing, transportation and assembling processes of concrete panels used in the prefabricted housing manufacture
- Tez No: 39589
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. OKTAY CANSUN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 109
Özet
ÖZET Bu tez çalışmasında, endüstri leşmiş yapım yöntemlerinden beton bünyeli ağır pano sistemlerle konut yapımında, üre tim depolama, taşıma ve montaj süreçlerinde panolara gele bilecek boyut kısıtlamaları saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma 9 bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde konu tanıtılıp, amacı anlatılmıştır. ikinci bolünde yapı endüstrisinin evrimi, tarihsel gelişimi, yapı üretiminde ve konut yapımında endüstrileşme gereği anlatılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde uygulanan teknoloji düzeyine göre endüstri- leşmiş yapım yöntemlerinden şantiye endüstriyel ve prefabrike "yapım yöntemleri tanıtılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde endüstrileşmiş yapım yöntemlerinden prefabrikasyonun sağladığı avantaj ve dezavantajlar ele alınmış ve konut üretiminde beton bünyeli pano sistemin seçilmesinin sebepleri belirtilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde konut üretiminde kullanılan panoların üre timinde kullanılan yöntemler, kalıplar, üretim biçimleri ve üretimde kullanılan kaldırma, taşıma araçları ayrıntılı olarak anlatılmıştır. Altıncı bölümde, panoların üretim merkezlerinde ve şantiyede depolanması, depolamada kullanılan yöntemler ve araçlar anlatılmıştır. Yedinci bölümde konut üretiminde kullanılan panoların taşınma şekilleri, taşıma araçları, taşıma süresi ve taşıma da verimlilik ayrıntılı olarak anlatılmıştır. Sekizinci bölümde panoların şantiyeye geldikten sonra binayı kurmak üzere, kaldırılıp taşınarak biraraya getirilmeleri ve birleştirilmeleri ile ilgili çalışmaların tümünü içeren montaj süreci anlatılmıştır. Dokuzuncu bölümde pano yapım sistemini oluşturan, üretim, depolama, taşıma ve montaj süreçlerinin incelenmesinden çıkan analiz sonuçlarıyla, pano boyutlarına gelen kısıtlamalar belirtilerek sonuca varılmıştır. viii
Özet (Çeviri)
THE DETERMINATION OF THE DIMENTIONAL LIMITATIONS THAT IS PUT ON THE PRODUCTION, WAREHOUSING,TRANSPORTATION, AND ASSEMBLING PROCESSES OF CONCRETE PANELS USED IN THE PREFABRICATED HOUSING MANUFACTURE SUMMARY In this dissertation, one of the industrialized conctruc- tion methods, dimension limitations of panels in the production, warehousing, transportation and assembly- processes in housing manufacture with concrete structured heavy panels has been attempted to be determined. The study is comprised of 9 chapters. In '. Chapter one, the subject is introduced and its purpose explained In Chapter Two, under the heading The Evolution of Construction Sector, efforts necessary for achieving success in the ind u strialization of the housing sector has been delved with. The historical development has been divided into four periods of: - era before 1940, - between 1944-1955 -between 1955-1960 - between 1965-1970 and later years. Factors that have affected the birth of prefabrication as a form of construction and idea are examined as: 1-Economical, 2-Sdcial, 3-Technical factors. In construction production, the subject of inadequacy of conventional construction methods to reach the projected targets, the absolute necessity of having to change the present methods and that construction has to be industrialized as a result of urbanization and< 'population growth have been examined under the heading of Industrial ization of Housing citing the necessity of industrialized production. In Chapter Three, the industrialized construction methods have been examined under three groups as: ix- Job site industry, - Prefabrication, and - Manufacturing. - Job site industrial construction methods may be studied in four groups as, the mouldings in series, floors built from down upwards, from upwards to downwards and pre-cast components. Prefabricated Construction methods may be examined in three groups as: - Frame Construction, - Cellular, and - Panel Systems. Frame systems are divided into two groups as single and multi-storey frame systems. In such systems, loads '.are transferred to the soil through prefabricated elements. Cellular systems too are divided into two types as open and closed cell types. They are manufactured as a single structure as integral com ponents of walls and floors. Panel systems are also separated in two as single and multiple panels. Multiple panel systems are divided in three groups as: - Large sized, - Medium sized, and - Small sized panel systems. In manufactured construction system, is based on a housing unit completely finished at the factory with all its components. I Chapter Four, the advantages provided by pre-fabricated elements are examined from the viewpoints of: - Operations, - Labour, and - Quality. Despite its superiorities and many advantages of prefabrication, it does have some drawbacks. These disadvantages arid the reasons for the selection of concrete structured panels in housing production are cited in this Chapter. Despite the superiorities and many advantages of prefabrication, it does have some drawbacks. These disadvantages and the reasons for the selection of concrete structured panel system are cited in this Chapter. In Chapter Five, the processes of panels used in housing production are explained. The panels may be produced in the job site workshop i installations and permanent factories. We may take production methods in three groups.These are: - Line production, - Production in fixed moulds, and - Group production. In production on line, the mould is placed on a wheeled chassis set on rails. If the types of elements are to be produced for a long time, this type of production is preferable. In fixed mould production, the mould are fixed in predetermined locations, the process carried out from beginning to end in the same spot. Group produc tion is performed by a combination of line and fixed mould processes. We may divide lifting and transportation vehicles into four groups as: - Tower cranes, - Vehicles on rails, - Vehicles on halls without rails, and - Other transport vehicles. Moulds used in prodction, according to technology, may be classified as: - Fixed moulds, and - Portable moulds. And according to their materials, they are divided as: - Wooden, - Steel, - Concrete, and - Plastic moulds. In horizontal production, mould tables overturned in one direction and in vertical production, battery moulds are used most often. Chapter Six deals with the classification of elements and warehousing of components to cure them to a predetermined strength after the prefabricated elements are detached from their moulds. There are two types of warehousing areas s - Main warehouse within the production area, and - Intermediate warehouse on the job site. Warehousing is done in three ways according to the weight, shapes and quality as: xi- Horizontal warehousing, - Warehousing of the elements inside or in between vertical or close-to-vertical structures. - Warehousing in fixed, transportable or portable trestles. In warehousing of elements in the production center, vehicles such as travelling bridge cranes, tower cranes and forklifts are used. In warehousing at the job site, vehicles used in installation are used. In Chapter Seven, the process involving the transportation of elements from the production center to the location of installation is explained. The means of transportation are: - Highway, - Railway, - By way of sea, and - Air freight. Freight by highway is the most preferred among transpor tation means. We may classify transportation vehicles on highways as: - Low trailers and tractors, - Hydraulically operated vehicles charging-dischargimg from pallets on rails, and - Swinglift vehicles. Factors affecting period of transportation and its profitability are examined in this Chapter. I Chapter Eight, the complete installation process involved in assembly of the prefabricated elements after they arrive in the job site is explained. Factor affec'- ting effective assembly are examined in three groups as: - Factors related to natural causes, - Technological factors, - Factors related to planning. We may classify the vehicles in assembly as lifting vehicles, suspension, adjustment and attachment systems. Lifting vehicles are cranes powered by electricity or petrol engines;; These era ne are: - Tower, - Mobile, and - Bridge cranes. XI iSuspension systems are divided between strap and traverse types. Traverse systems may also be classified as univer sal and special types. Apart from these suspension systems clamps, lifting arms with elbows, vacuum lifting instruments and lifting slings are used as accessories. Factors that affect assembly period are: - Numbers of cranes usdd, and - Number of workers in the team employed in the assembly work, and - Organization in coventional systems. In the last Chapter Nine, in the light of production, warehousing, transportation and assembly processes of panels used in construction that have been investigated in earlier chapters, dimensional limitations have been examined. xiii
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