Three essays on self-employment
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400018
- Danışmanlar: DAN BLACK
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Ekonomi, Economics
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2006
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Syracuse University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Ekonomi Bölümü
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 126
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
This dissertation is a collection of three essays, each of which examines differentaspects of self-employment. The different analyses use different sources of dataand various econometric methods to test issues related to US entrepreneurship.In the first essay, I use NSCG (National Survey of College Graduates) dataset inorder to estimate the impact of human capital on the self-employment status ofindividuals. To capture this effect, I use Probit and Logit techniques separately onmen and women and find out that individuals who majored in medicine, law,business, architecture, psychology, fine arts and agricultural sciences are morelikely to be self-employed. I do find evidence that women, Blacks and Hispanicshave the smallest interest to run their own business. One important finding is thatpeople with degrees in engineering, education and science choose mostly to bewage-employed.The second essay examines the effect of human capital on self-employmentearnings using the same dataset obtained for the first one. To estimate thecoefficients on income levels, I take advantage of three different econometricmethods, namely OLS, Heckit and matching estimator. Regression results on menshow that having higher education brings more success in terms of selfemploymentearnings. Evidence shows that men do better when they are selfemployedwhereas women are better off when they are wage workers. The mostlucrative majors for the male entrepreneurs are architecture, math, physics,chemistry and most fields of engineering. Women entrepreneurs who enjoy higherearnings are mostly majored in architecture, medicine, law, psychology andcounseling. However, no particular education level is found to contribute tofemale entrepreneurial earnings. Being Asian or in the middle-age categoryincreases the likelihood of having higher self-employment incomes. Marriage isfound to considerably contribute to male entrepreneurial earnings whereas itadversely affects female self-employment income.In the final essay, I look at the effect population density has on US local selfemploymentrates. The motivation is the existence of a huge variation ofpopulation densities and a considerable deviation of self-employment rates acrossUS states and counties. My hypothesis, which stems from the theory of division oflabor, is that self-employment rate declines with a greater fraction of thepopulation. Data for this analysis are taken from Integrated Public Use MicrodataSeries (IPUMS) in year 2000. I employ Probit and Logit models as the empiricalstrategy, separately on men and women. Results show that a negative andstatistically significant impact of population density is present for both sexes.Hence, people who are located in less crowded areas are more likely to be selfemployed.Considering the relatively low availability of good-matching jobs insmaller places, self-employment can be explained as a failure of the size of themarket place. This effect is found to be larger for people like physicians andlawyers who are in more specialized occupations, indicating a greater negativeimpact of the size of the location on the self-employment status of people withhigher skills.
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