Germ line and mesoderm specification in the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis and their evolution in arthropods
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400834
- Danışmanlar: DR. MATTHIAS GERBERDING
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Moleküler Tıp, Molecular Medicine
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2009
- Dil: Almanca
- Üniversite: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 129
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Germ cells form a population of cells that are progenitors of the gametes and differentiate into egg and sperm during embryogenesis. Germ cells are singled-out from the somatic cells and how this separation is established has long been a tempting question. There are large differences between embryos regarding from where and when germ cells originate but the expression of Vasa protein is a common trait of germ cells. I aimed to understand the germ cell formation in Parhyale hawaiensis by studying the expression and function vasa. Parhyale germ cell specification deviates remarkably from that of the arthropod model Drosophila in the way that in Parhyale all germ cells are derived from a single germ line progenitor cell specified at the 8-cell stage while in Drosophila germ cells originate from the posterior pole of the embryo. I showed that in Parhyale, vasa RNA is ubiquitously distributed in all cells of the embryo from 1-cell stage to 16-cell stage and becomes localized to the germ cells from 32-cell stage onwards. By injecting fluorescently labeled 3?UTR RNA, I demonstrated that the localization of vasa RNA to the germ cells is controlled by its 3?UTR and this most likely occurs via a stabilizationdegradation mechanism. Vasa protein was first detectable at around 100-cell stage. In MO-mediated knockdown of vasa translation, germ cells died after gastrulation and failed to reach the gonad formation site. This means that in Parhyale Vasa protein is not necessary for the initial generation of the germ cell clone but is required for its subsequent maintenance. It can also be inferred that the role of vasa has changed substantially during an evolutionary switch in the crustaceans by Parhyale from the specification of a group of germ cells to that of a single germ line progenitor. This is the first time that MO knockdown has been shown to work in Parhyale and at the same time the first functional characterization of vasa in an arthropod beyond Drosophila.
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