Technical assistance that aticks: Lessons from Public Financial Management Reform in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Democratic Republic of Congo
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 401855
- Danışmanlar: PROF. BARBARA NUNBERG
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Kamu Yönetimi, Maliye, Siyasal Bilimler, Public Administration, Finance, Political Science
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2012
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Columbia University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 108
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Public financial management (PFM) reforms in post-conflict scenarios offer potent examples of the complexities inherent in attempting to foment change in countries where the state apparatus has been disrupted by civil war, infrastructure and technology are scarce, and local staff lack the minimal set of skills necessary to set up an effective bureaucracy. • Donors have to assume the enormous task of providing assistance on the implementation of complex initiatives, involving a multitude of government ministries, agencies and state owned enterprises (SOEs); and requiring high levels of political commitment, administrative capacities, and domestic and international coordination. • The particulars of the developing country experience, especially the shortage of physical and human resources, force donor's to trim down models that have proven successful in more advanced countries, adjusting them to the domestic reality. • Donors are confronted with a difficult balancing act: Intrusive intervention may allow for better control and that can accomplish change more effectively, but it often fails to instill a sense of local ownership for the reforms by limiting on-the-job-learning, and therefore damaging the prospects of the reforms surviving over the long-term. • This report examines cases of both successful and failed PFM reform programs to glean lessons on how to structure innovative assistance models, the challenges that are commonly encountered, and solutions for overcoming such obstacles. The case studies investigate three countries at different points on the spectrum of post-conflict recovery: Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In each case, unique conditions dictated tailored responses from international donors, with varying degrees of success. • Liberia's Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP) mixed highly intrusive measures – in the form of international experts with co-signatory authorities in key ministries, agencies and SOEs – with powerful incentives, such as staff training and external aid. This allowed the country to achieve moderate success in the eradication of corruption and the misuse of funds that were endemic after the 14-year civil war. • Sierra Leone's highly successful PFM reform was possible thanks to the country's highperforming bureaucracy and institutions, which remained operative even through the worst periods of conflict. Careful sequencing of reforms also contributed by focusing first on establishing a basic rule-based system and then proceeding to implement more advanced initiatives such as medium and long-term budget planning. • Democratic Republic of Congo drafted a very comprehensive PFM program, employing relatively advanced approaches such as Medium Term Budget Frameworks (MTBF) and Results Based Management (RBM). Unfortunately implementation of these reforms has suffered due to insecurity, poor governance and political support, and lack of basic infrastructure, technology, and capacity. Thus, the country has not yet achieved basic control over its revenue and expenditure systems. Participation in the budgeting process remains poor among line ministries, the budget lacks widespread credibility and does not reflect national development priorities, and transparency remains elusive. • Despite the complexities of each case, four common themes arise from the assessments of the technical assistance programs rolled out in each country, suggesting that compelling lessons exist for constructing assistance programs in post-conflict and fragile countries. 1. Coordination among donors, technical assistants, and host-country representatives is necessary to avoid duplication, inefficiency, and contradictory strategies of assistance. Unfortunately, countless cases of scattered, ad hoc aid programs have been shown to undermine development and recovery progress. Given the plethora of donors (and their associated technical experts and consultants), establishing forums for coordination can greatly enhance delivery and results. 2. A mixture of leverage and incentives by external donors is key. By blending heavyhanded techniques (e.g. ultimatums to withdraw financial support or assistance from other sectors) with rewards for success (e.g. capacity-building and training), results can be hastened and amplified. This is especially the case in fragile and post-conflict settings in which the vested interests and systems that protected the status quo during conflict must be swiftly overhauled in order to promote peacebuilding. Both carrots and sticks are necessary to spur rapid reform. 3. Gradual sequencing of reforms is crucial for success. Particularly so in developing country scenarios. Initiatives have to be consistent with the capacity levels at ministries and agencies. Basic measures need to be implemented first in order to develop the required skills, infrastructure, and technology that are required for more advanced reforms. 4. Understanding the political structure and key points of power is vital. Without obtaining high-level buy-in from recipient country politicians (and, even more fundamentally, a threshold level of political stability), assistance efforts are likely to stall. It is imperative that aid programs sufficiently evaluate the likely sources of political support as well as anticipated areas of resistance to reform.
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