The genetic landscape of Caribbean Acropora corals
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- Tez No: 403004
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. STEVEN V. WOLLMER
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Biyoloji, Biology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2014
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Northeastern University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 252
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
This dissertation explores multiple genetic aspects of Caribbean Acropora biology with a focus on transcriptomic regulation of growth and symbiosis, in addition to population genetics. These topics are unified in the application of genetics to understanding the evolution and biology of important endangered scleractinian coral species that have historically been the foundation of many Caribbean reef ecosystems. The two true Caribbean Acropora coral species, Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata, provide an important and useful system to study coral growth because they exhibit within-colony differentiation of polyps, they have rapid growth rates, and they are sister species with distinctive growth morphologies. With an emphasis on A. cervicornis in Florida, Caribbean Acroporas are also the focus of ongoing restoration efforts to replenish their populations. This dissertation investigates: (1) gene expression patterns involved in growth, calcification and division of labor within the coral colony, (2 & 3) differences in gene expression between day and night for both the coral host and their endosymbiotic Symbiodinium, and (4) population genetic structure and viability of A. cervicornis in a highly disturbed reef system, the Florida Keys. The first three studies employ next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses to evaluate gene expression profiles in Caribbean Acropora corals and their Symbiodinium. These three studies also explore the differences in gene expression due to division of labor within the colony, using samples from coral colony branch bases and tips. The comparison of functionally different regions of the colony for the two species revealed that adult coral Acropora colonies have a high degree of genetic division of labor (> 2200 differentially expressed transcripts) within the colony and up-regulate numerous genes involved in developmental signaling among other processes in the growing region of the colony. Both Acroporas appear to use similar genes for growth, but differences in growth form between species may be related to developmental signaling pathways, bicarbonate transport and extracellular matrix proteins. The comparison of coral gene expression in A. cervicornis samples between day and night revealed a potential influence of symbiont photosynthesis on coral circadian gene expression, as well as the potential control of Symbiodinium populations by nitrogen regulation and the glutamine metabolic pathway. Taking advantage of the same samples and RNA-seq data to evaluate Symbiodinium gene expression between day and night and within the coral colony revealed a diel aspect of transcription-driven photoacclimation in Symbiodinium, but low magnitude gene expression changes suggest that some photosynthesis proteins may be post-transcriptionally regulated. Additionally, expression of some Symbiodinium genes differed between regions of the colony, suggesting that coral-driven regulation of symbiont populations may affect symbiont transcription. The final study utilized a mitochondrial DNA marker to characterize the genetic diversity of A. cervicornis in the Florida Keys and to understand relationships among Florida Keys and Caribbean populations. The results indicate high genetic diversity and connectivity within Florida with limited genetic exchange between Florida and other reefs in the Caribbean. This information can be used to support conservation policies for this species.
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