Visuospatial perception from behavior to brain
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 403361
- Danışmanlar: Dr. FRANS CORNELISSEN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Anatomi, Nöroloji, Nöroşirürji, Anatomy, Neurology, Neurosurgery
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2016
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 114
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Spatial perception concerns our ability to sense the position, movement, orientation -and to some extend size and shape- of objects. It is a crucial part of human visual perception since we use spatial information, to localize ourselves in our environment, to direct our attention, and to reach out to and grasp objects. In this thesis, I aim to better understand the role of a number of factors in spatial perception. First, in a series of behavioral experiments I tried to identify how human observers localize objects. I studied whether the way that observers make their identification or localization responses (using either their eyes or by responding via a button press) influenced their performance. Refuting various suggestions in the literature, I found no evidence for the notion that ocular responses are superior to perception, nor that making eye movements results in superior perception. This indicates that eye movements are a valid measure to assess perceived localization and that most of the findings in the existing literature - that primarily have been measured using manual responses - remain valid for understanding real-life visual behavior (in which eye movements are the most frequent way by which we select visual information). Moreover, I found that the accuracy with which observers can recognize and localize objects are similarly affected by scene complexity. Recognition performance was lower and localization errors were larger for distractors that were similar in orientation to the target than for distractors that differed in orientation from the target. In addition, I used fMRI to investigate the neurobiological basis of spatial perception. I examined whether a retinotopic mapping stimulus based on orientation rather than luminance contrast influences t he estimated properties of receptive field populations. I find that my new method - despite that it results in overall lower BOLD responses, with its more natural - texture-like - characteristics and relatively stable explained variance of the data - seems to better reveal some properties of the spatial organization of the human visual cortex. Orientation-contrast based retinotopy may become a method of choice in particular for characterizing higher order visual areas and for comparing receptive field estimates between higher and lower order areas. I also used fMRI to localize the physiological mechanism underlying a visual illusion. In this illusion, the perceived position of the elements that make up a global shape is strongly altered by varying their orientation only. I found that, while the responses of early visual areas V1 and V2 are driven by physical position, the responses of a higher level visual area (LO2) correlated with the illusory change in shape perception. I conclude that the perception of the spatial location and the identity of objects are highly intertwined processes that similarly affect human eye movements and perception. Moreover, I found that using orientation rather than luminance contrast provides a better option for spatial mapping of the human visual cortex in particular for higher order areas, such as those involved in global shape perception.
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