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Yugoslavya'nın parçalanması

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  1. Tez No: 41395
  2. Yazar: İRFAN KAYA ÜLGER
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. ŞÜKRÜ S. GÜREL
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 73

Özet

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Özet (Çeviri)

130 THE BREAK-UP OF YUGOSLAVIA (Summary in English) The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying causes and the actual process of the disintegration of Yugoslavia. The thesis consists of nine chapters. Chapter One provides a historical bacground to the subject. The Following Chapter gives a short history of the peoples that constituted the Yugoslav Federation. Yugoslav tertitories have throughout history been a temporary or permanent homeland for many nations. The Slavic origined peoples who currently live in Yugoslavia settled three in the fifth century A.D. The border between Croatia and Bosnia- Herzegovina has been a fault line for centuries. This line seperated East and West, Islam and Christianity and Catholicism and Ortadoxy in terms both Roman and Ottoman Empires. Prior the 1918, when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed all the units which constituted Yugoslavia were seperate political entities. Yugoslav nationalities in many cases, had very different backgrounds. The peoples living in the northern part of the Balkans, the Croats and Slovenes, were subjected to the centuries-old Austro-Hungarian rule prior to World War I, whereas the Serbs in the south were greatly131 influenced by 400 years of Turkish domination under the Ottoman Empire. As a result of this heritage the Serbs were Eastern Ortadoxes in their religion whereas the Croats and Slovenes were Roman Catholics. The Serbs tended to view the Croats as their inferios due to their Austro-Hungarian legacy. The differences and animosities proved troublesome for the Serbain monarchy that ruled Yugoslavia during the interwar years, from 1919 to 1939. The early years of the new state under the rule of King Alexander were plagued by natioality disputes, despotic rule and a strongly Serbian military influence that feuled conflicts. The other nations or peoples expressed their discontent with the Serbian domination. This reaction led, from the onset to the formation of underground organizations. The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) and Ustache were among the most prominent ones. The crucial development that heavily influenced the future political life of Yugoslavia occurred in the Second World War. In a country uder German and Italian occupation, the nations of the same country fought against each other. The Chetnik, one of the organization under Mihailovic resisting against the occupation, held the view that only the Serbain leadership could take the Yugoslav community to peace and security. The Partisans under Tito's control, on the other hand, adopted a Marxist supra-national line. These war time developments had an effect on Yugoslavia after 1945, and the132 country has never been able to rid itself on the memories of the war years. Chapter Three deals with the Tito period. Tito having been expelled from the Cominform shortly after coming to power, consructed a model of his own known as“market socialism”or“Titoism”. Until his death in 1980, Tito was unable to create a Yugoslav nation as envisaged at the onset. The natioal question was tried to be solved by granting freedom to the nations. The applications of the pressure on the Serbs as the most populous nation created Serbain nationalism as a reaction, and at the same time strenghtened Slovenian, Croatian Macedonian an Albanian nationalims. Chapter Four examines the crucial milestones in the process of dismemberment: the events of 1968, Tito's death, the Kosova crisis and finally the liquidation of the Communist Party in 1990. Chapter Five evaluates the factors that played a part in the break-up Yugoslavia: minorities, nationalism and economic problems Yugoslavia was, after all, a mosaic of minorities. Apart from the officially recognized six nations, the government recognized the existance of the twelwe nationalities and eight ethnic groups. These were dispersed in different parts of the federation. Secodly, nationalism played an important role in the disintegration process. At the end, even the Communist party officials in the Republics turned out to be nationalists. The development gap between regions and republics of the Yugoslavia could not be reduced, but widened133 year by year. In terms of per capita income there was a huge difference among the western and eastern republics and regions. Chapter Six, examines the International dimenüons of the dissolution. The role of the western power and International organization in this context, encouraged this break up by their paradoxal actions. The aims of Chapter Seven is to study the independence process of the Yugoslav republics from the early 1990. This process started with the independence of Croatia and Slovenia, the cloest republics to the West, and ended with the declaration of independence by Macedonia at the end of 1991 and Bosnia Herzegovina at the beginning of 1992. What was left of the former Yugoslavia, that is Serbia and Montenegro, established a union under the umbrella of the“New Yugoslav Federation”Chapter Eight deals with the civil ws starting with the break up of Yugoslavia: The Serbs-Croats conflict in Croatia and the civil war in Bosnia Herzegovina that began in April 1992 and still continues at the end of 1993. Having considered all th relavant data in previous chapters, Chapter Nine tries to reach some conslusion. In this context it should be noted that the break up of Yugoslavia was neither a predictable nor a preventable development. The Kosovo question, the rise of Serbian natioalism and reactions agains it in other ereas of the Federation, the liquidation of the Communist Party and the organization of political parties based on ethnicity are the major134 milestones in the disintegration and collapse of Yugoslavia. The elections held in 1990 an desicions after the elections that the laws of the Republics procedes the federal law were the latest phase of the process. At the end of 1993, two of the breakaway Yugoslav republics, Croatia and Slovenia are triying to integrate with Europea. one of the remmant of the Federation, Macedonia is a landlocked country. Serbia and Mantenegro established the new Yugoslavia. The communal fighting in Bosnia-Herzegovina continues to be a human tragedy. The Sanjak, Kosovo and Macedonia are potential conflict areas, Nationalism and dispersed settlement of minorities, which played the most important role in the collapse of Yugoslavia, perpetuate the tension in the region.

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