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LPG ve benzin üretilen platformer ünitesinin bilgisayar destekli analizi

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 46112
  2. Yazar: TANER A. TECİRLİOĞLU
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. GENCELİ OF
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 78

Özet

ÖZET Petro-Kimya endüstrilerinde işlemlerin belkide en önemlisi ısı transferidir.Bu konuda geniş literatür bulunmakla beraber genellikle ısı transferinin genel esasları üzerinde nisbeten yüksek teorik bir seviyede durmaktadır.Bir sistemin üzerinde yapılacak olan analizinde sonuçların uygun olması hususunda dünyada tekel leşmiş bir kaç kurum bulunmaktadır.'Tabu olarak bu durum parasal külfetleri akabinde sürüklemektedir. Bu çalışma daha ziyade zaman zaman Platformer ünite sinin şarjının değiştirilmesi halinde sistemin olası bir davranışını kabaca da olsa ön bilgi vermesi açısından prosess ve kimya mühendislerinin yararlanacağı hiç şüphesizdir.Amaç bilgisayar kullanıcısı olupta programcılık konusunda bilgisi olmayan mühendislerin kendi mesleki alanlarında bunu uygulamalarım sağlamaktır.Böylece ilgi duymadıkları farklı alanlara kaymaksızın ve oldukça uzun nümerik hesaplamaları gerektiren çalışmalarla vakit kaybetmeleri önlenmiştir.İlerki bölümlerde hesaplamaların detayları ve ekler kısmında programın listesi verilerek izah edilmiştir Ayrıca programın kullanılmasında mümkün olduğunca kullanıcı yönelik düşünülmüş- tür.Programın akışı sırasında istenen bilgi girişleri için gerekli olan grafiklerde bu çalışmanın içine yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışma; üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır.Birinci kısımda Platformer ünitesinin çalışma prensibi takdim edilmiş,sorunun ne olduğu ve öngörülen sebeblerin neler olabileceği tartışılmıştır.İkinci kısımda sistemin analiz hesaplan detaylarıyla anlatılmıştır.Üçüncü kısımda programın algoritması, çalışması ve sistemle ilgili sonuçları izah edilmiştir. V

Özet (Çeviri)

ABSTRACT The transfer of heat to and from process is essantial subject of most chemical processes.Although,many researchs about this subject have been widely published, the fundamentals of heat transfer theories are suggested at the high level.Unfortunately,the necessery modification on chemical process service should be analysed by several international expert firm.This situation is naturaly resulted great cost. This work is done to rudely- previwe how plant reacts for process and chemical engineer, when the fluid flow of platformer unit want to change process.The main duty is which help to who can using computer without writing program and save their times. In the following chapters are given the calculation of design details of the heat exchanger and in the appendix A,computer program is listed. They will be discused in this working are,listed below ; - In first chapter,the principal process of platformer unit is suggested and discussed about its problems. Heavy naphtane which has chained structure which is supplied form unifiner unit is converted to aromatic structure nder high pressure and temperature by hydrogen.At the end of the reaction, it is produced some materials such as benzoine that has high octane and LPG (which is used our kitchen by most of us). The design capacity of heavy naphtane which is charged as subproduct from unifiner stripper is 952 m^/day. The fluid that. is transported to preheaters by pomp is mixed with hydrogen which is transported by other pomp and the mixed fluid entries to the first reactor. The temperature of the mixed fluid which is increased to 530 °C into preheater is sent to the first reactor.lt reacts to platinum catalyst where is installed to inside of reactor and main reactions start.The fluid that is exited from first reactor heat in the first heater again.Same applications repeat second and third in reactors and heaters.The cause of using difference reactors and heaters is completed 45 % of all reactions in the first reactor, 30 % of all reactions in the second reactor and finally 25 % of all reactions in the third reactor. VIThe product which is completely finished and reacted, leaves from the last reactor.High temperature of product decreases into preheater and then it entries into air-cooling exchanger to cooling again.In separator reservoir, products are decomposed under high pressure and temperature by density.Hydrogen supplies from over the separator reservoir and feedbacks to unifiner units again as recycle hydrogen.Others such as olefine, parafine, LPG and benzoine supply from bottom of the separator reservoir. In catalytic reforming,the principal object is to convert other hydrocarbons to aromatics.The reason may be seen by comparing the octane numbers of some corresponding hydrocarbons.Thus high conversion to aromatic result in high-octane products.There is a loss in volume, because aromati'cs are denser than other hydrocarbons; however, the loss is small in comparison with the loss (to gas and tar) suffered in thermal reforming. Other reactions of some importance in catalytic reforming are cracking and isomerization. Catalytic reformer may be differentiated as to mechanical design.All five that do not employ on-stream regeneration are fixed-bed processes,as are three of regenerative processes the original hydroforming process,ultraforming and powerforming. The principal problem in the design of catalytic reformers is heat balance.Reactions which produce aromatics are very endothermic. Although these endothermic reactions are partially offset by hydrocracking reactions which are exothermic, large amount of heat must be supplied to the reaction zone.In fixed-bed units the heat is supplied by using several reactor in series, with itermediate reheating of the reactants.Because most of reactive compounds disappear first, the largest temperature drop occurs in the first reactor, with each subsequent reactor having a lower drop than its predecessor. In fluid and moving-bed processes, heat is supplied by the recycle-gas stream,which is preheated to a high temperature.In fluid hydro-forming, all the recycle gas is charged to the base of the reactor and passes up through the fluidized bed; because of the rapid mixing of the moving-bed processes,there is no mixing of catalyst is heated as it passes each point.Between points, the temperature of the catalyst drops by virtue of the endothermic reaction that occur. - In second chapter, the principal calculation of design of platformer system is given information with details. VIIThe main purpose of this chapter is generally looked over some conditions which is acted to rate of heat transfer as assumed some principal of heat transfer that is known. After the necessery datas are given for system analysis to calculate, it is projected the system design.Physical conditions belonging to heat transfer always great important either for heat transfer and for size of heat exchanger. We can separate three groups to knowledge factories.They are shortly listed below ; * Process Datas : 1. Flow rate of both side, 2. Temperature difference of product (inside), 3. Density and viscosity of both side, 4. Logorithmic temperature difference of ambients, 5. Allowed pressure drop. The surface of heat transfer depend on factories which is mentioned above and so,they affect the rate of heat transfer. * Design Datas : 1. Good designed channel of heat exchanger, 2. Low wall thickness and hydrolic diameter, 3. Flow arrangement (cross flow,parallel flow ex.) 4. Turbulence and high speed flow. * Physical Datas : 1. Specific heat and density, 2. Viscosity, 3. Dirtyness. The most of heat exchanger types almost are designed with same methods step by step.Thus ; VIII1. Heat content, amount of flow and temperatures is determined for main purpose. 2. All informations belonging to fluid are collected (such as viscosity »density...). 3. It is consulted which type used heat exchanger. 4. It is assumed an estimation value of heat transfer coefficent. 5. It is calculated logorithmic temperature difference 6. It is determined dimension of tubes and other equipment which will be used in heat exchanger. 7. It is compiled first estimation value of heat transfer coefficent to calculated value of heat transfer coefficent. If calculated value of heat transfer coefficent is not greater different than first estimation value of heat transfer coefficent,it is go on.But not, new estimation value of heat transfer coefficent is assumed and go back 6. step again. 9. It is examined pressure drops that are calculated.If calculated value of pressure drops is not resonable,it is prefered new value and go back 7. step or 4. step or 3. step again. 10. Values that is found between 4. step and 10. step are looked for again and made optimistion. At the end of optimistion, it is choosed heat exchanger which has the surface of heat transfes and low cost. - In third chapter, the runing of computer program is expressed and its results are consulted. Computer program is written with GW-BASIC which is one of computer program language and run with Koç-Uniys 4336 DX machine. The cause of choosing GW-BASIC as program language is many computer users know GW-BASIC and so easy to learn this language.Mathematical calculating and storing data on computer are easily made without interesting in complex language.Program IXhas opening structure for computer users to extend. Analysis of platformer unit which has many equipment that is complexly installed is diffucult.Thus,output temperature of air- cooled exchanger,temperature of ambient and pomp yield is used and carried minimum error process out backward.Program is composed three parts ; 1. Main Program : is calculated design and dimension of heat exchanger that is installed in platformer unit and heat content of heater and reactor. 2. First Sub-Program : is calculated output and input temperature of proucj: into air cooled exchenger by fan yield, fan output temperatures and ambient temperature. 3. Second Sub-Program : is calculated flow rate of fluid and output and input temperatures of prouct into air cooled exchenger by parameters that is calculated by first sub-program. After computer program is run,it will be obtain some results that will be mentioned following lines. If driver power of fan is increase,although heat contents of heater, reactor and shell-tube heat exchanger increase, input and output temperatures of shell-tube heat exchanger and air cooled exchanger decrease.But heat content of air cooled exchanger decreases.Flow rate of fluid increases while driver power of fan is increase.

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