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Yapısal kültür varlıklarının fayda değeri analizine bağlı bir yöntemle değerlendirilmesi

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 46158
  2. Yazar: AYŞE TÜTENGİL
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. METE TAPAN
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 126

Özet

ÖZET Çalışmanın temel amacı, korunacak yapısal kültür varlıklarının değerlendirilmesinde yararlanılacak bir değerlendirme yönteminin geliştirilmesi ve koruma önlemlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi ile ilgili kararlarda bu yöntemin yol gösterici bir araç olarak kullanımıdır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde değişik kaynaklarda yer alan bilgiler ve görüşler doğrultusunda, kültür varlıkları, koruma ve değişik koruma önlemleri kavranılan tanımlanmış ve toplumsal, kültürel ve ekonomik nitelikler taşıyan koruma nedenlerine değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde koruma kavramının Türkiye'de ve uluslararası düzeyde geçirdiği tarihsel ve yasal evrim ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde altı değişik ülkenin ulusal koruma yasaları, belirlenen ilkeler doğrultusunda karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Beşinci bölümde Türkiye'de koruma yasaları uyarınca gerçekleştirilen kültür varlıkların gruplandınlması işlemi irdelenerek, bu işlemin getirdiği sonuçların eleştirisi yapılmıştır. Bu incelemeler sonucunda, her bir kültür varlığının taşıdığı kendine özgü değerlerin " belirlenip değerlendirilmesi ve müdahale biçirrıinin bu değerlendirmeler doğrultusunda saptanması ilkesi benimsenmiştir. Altıncı bölümde değerlendirme kavramı ve değerlendirme yöntemleri üzerinde durularak, kültür varlıklarının değerlendirilmesinde yararlanılacak bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, kültür varlıklarının nitelikleri göz önüne alınarak fayda değer analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu yöntemin, analitik işlemleri kapsamında hiyerarşik bir düzen içinde amaç sistemi oluşturulmuştur. Sentetik işlemler kapsamında ise, alt amaçlara ve değerlendiricilere ağırlık verilmiş ve Quattro Pro yazılımı ile değer sentezi aşaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tezin sonuçlarında, yapılan değerlendirme sonucu elde edilen alt amaç fayda değerlerinden ve toplam fayda değerinden müdahale biçiminin seçiminde yararlanma olanakları açıklanmış ve değerlendirme yönteminin eksplisit (tanımlanabilir), esnek ve dinamik yapısıyla getirdiği diğer olanaklardan söz edilmiştir. ıx

Özet (Çeviri)

THE EVALUATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES WITH THE UTILITY ANALYSIS METHOD SUMMARY The fundamental aim of this study is to develop an evaluation method for assessing the relative values of the cultural properties and to demonstrate how the method may be used as a guidance in making decisions related to preservation. The first step of the study was to define the concepts of preservation and cultural heritage on the basis of information provided by various sources. Preservation is the act of extending the life of cultural and natural properties to the maximum possible without disturbing their original characteristics. Moveable or immovable, man-made and natural properties are included in the cultural heritage depending on their values and messages to a society. These properties may range from parts of an entity to entire urban developments. All actions to prolong the life or to preserve the characteristics of the cultural properties are considered to be acts of preservation. Preservation activities may be categorized under the following two headings, depending on the degrees of intervention: Maintenance covers work that does not substantially change the original structure of a cultural property. Repair includes work that modifies or strengthens the original structure. Interventions with different scales, such as conservation, restoration, renovation, reconstruction, use and alteration fall within the scope of repair.The most important aspect in choosing the action for intervention is the study of the cultural property with respect to its values. Any kind of protection activity must preserve and enhance the messages and values of cultural properties. These values help systematically to set priorities in deciding proposed interventions. The values assigned to cultural properties can be summarized under three major headings, which are the social, cultural and economic values. The motivation of all preservation activities are based on social, cultural and economic public benefits. These activities should be guaranteed through legislation at national and international level. Legislation for preservation in various countries were initiated in the 18th century. Authorities in Turkey adopted these legislation during the 19th century. Initially, these legislation were concerned primarily with religious or feudal entities. Eventually, with the development of the concept of preservation, the scope of this legislation extended from individual monumental units to entire urban areas. Preservation laws are shaped by national concerns driven by social, political and economical structures as well as by international concerns. In that respect, ICOMOS, a UNESCO institute, has made many contributions. The preservation principles dictated by international concern has been that any intervention must be the minimum necessary. Legislative frameworks of six countries have been studied in order to establish a comparison basis for approaches adopted in different countries in dealing with their preservation activities. This basis has, later on, been taken into account in the study of determining the proposed objective system for the evaluation of the cultural properties. The following conclusions have been drawn from the comparative study: - Criteria for determining cultural value and approaches to the problem appear to be similar in the six countries. Likewise, definitions of the cultural heritage made in different countries also show similarities. - The differences among organization and functions of the preservation authorities in the different countries are minor. XI- The list of attributes sought in and the related listing process for cultural properties vary strongly from country to country. - In most of countries, assessment of cultural value is within the responsibility of bodies concerned with preservation, but the factors for evaluation are not specified by law. An interesting aspect of the preservation laws in Turkey is that cultural properties have been categorized into groups. Once a cultural property has been included in a particular group, acts of intervention have to be carried out in accordance with the criteria established for that group. A similar approach has been implemented in Great Britain, however, the British procedure does not specify the type of intervention activities. The consensus among the experts is that the determination of intervention activity procedures on the basis of group decisions would cause - a rapid disappearance of original characteristics of cultural properties - the replacement by imitations having scant relation to the original. The study, therefore, aims to show the validity of the following recommendations: - All cultural properties must be evaluated on the basis of their values and architectural attributes. - Preservation methods must be selected to suit the peculiar attribute of the cultural property. The last part of the study involves the discussion of approaches to architectural evaluation and methods to be used for assessment of values of cultural properties. In its most general sense, assessment may be defined as the process of evaluating an entity or an idea in relation to relevant criteria. In architecture,, a scientific method for evaluation will not only support the initial decision but will also be useful for making new decisions during the course of the entire preservation process, providing a continuous control mechanism from planning to completion. xnAfter critical study of various evaluation methods, it has been found appropriate to propose a utility analysis that recognizes quantitative and qualitative values. A system of objectives has been developed for use in utility analysis of cultural properties, which come under the following headings: - artistic and architectural, - historical and cultural, - environmental, - technical - economical. These objectives, in turn, have their appropriate sub-objectives. A priority assignment method has been developed to be used in connection with the first stage of synthesis. In the second stage of synthesis, weights are assigned to the sub-objectives to reflect their relative importance. Likewise the decision-makers have been subject to a similar weight assignment to enable them to evaluate sub-objectives accordingly to their disciplines. The last stage of synthesis for the determination of the utility value has been implemented with the use of the spreadsheet program Quattro Pro. Using the means of a computer makes it possible to archive data properly, to work with tables having comparable format, and to achieve results rapidly and correctly. The evaluation files are flexible, explicit and dynamic. The possibilities offered by the study may be summarized as follows : - Value criteria for preservation are made explicit. - By using the weight assignment method during evaluation process, the relative importances of initial criteria and expert opinion are properly reflected during all stages of implementation. - Initial decisions may be revised by reconsidering the weight assignments of the various factors if and when necessary. xiii- The initial utility value of the sub-objectives are recognized in choosing the method of implementation and, thus realize the preservation of the essential attributes of the cultural property. - On the other hand, the sum of utility values may be used in determining priorities by comparing the values of individual cultural properties, which are found in vast numbers in urban preservation areas. - Evaluation results of the method, due to its explicit structure, can be easily reviewed and checked by those who are outside the group of the decision-makers at any stage. - By the application of the method before and after the intervention, the proposed evaluation provides a criteria to measure the degree of success of intervention applied on the cultural property. The proposed method is arranged so that it can evaluate each cultural property individually by reflecting their intrinsic value. All intervention activities should planned and carried out in such a way that none of the defined values should be wasted. The proposed evaluation method with its aforementioned explicit, flexible and dynamic structure provides a proper basis for the evaluation of the cultural properties. xrv

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