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I-II-III-IV. Levent toplu konut alanlarındaki işlevsel ve mekansal değişimin kullanıcı görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 46373
  2. Yazar: AYÇA AYTAÇ TEPE
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. NURAN ZEREN GÜLERSOY
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 196

Özet

ÖZET Levent'teki konut kullanımının işyerine dönüşümünü, Levent'in tasarım kararlarını ve gelişimini, meydana gelen fonksiyonel gelişimin fiziksel ve sosyal yapıya etkisi ile sonuçlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çalışma, dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, konunun seçim nedeni, amacı ve çalışma yöntemi açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde, tasarımda etkili olan kriterler, duyarlı çevre yaratmada etkili olan kriterler ve duyarlı çevrelerin kullanıcı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, Levent'in kurulduğu günden bugüne kadar geçirdiği gelişim ve değişim incelenmiştir. Levent'teki konut ve konut-dışı fonksiyonlar ile, binaların değişim durumu ve kat yükseklikleri tespit edilmiş, fiziksel değişimin yanısıra görsel analiz çalışmalarıyla görsel değişim de saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Alanda yaşayanlarla anketler yapılarak, Levent'teki sosyal yapı, ulaşım durumu, fiziksel açıdan bina memnunuyeti ve fiziksel değişim, ihtiyaç duyulan donatı ve fonksiyonlar, fiziksel ve görsel açıdan semt memnuniyeti doğrultusunda kullanıcıların duysal olarak etkilenme durumları ve halk katılımı için düşünceleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Levent'in fonksiyonel ve fiziksel ne gibi değişikliklere uğradığı belirtilmiş, bu değişimlerin kullanıcı üzerinde bıraktığı duysal etkiler irdelenmiş, duyarlı bir çevrenin önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümü olan sonuç ve öneriler bölümünde ise, İstanbul'da gelişen yeni merkezlerden Levent'in de etkilenip fonksiyonel, fiziksel ve sosyal değişime uğraması sonucu duysal çevre yaratmada etkili olan uyum, devamlılık, kavranabilirlik gibi kriterlerin gittikçe kaybolduğu ve bunun kullanıcı üzerinde olumsuz etki bıraktığı saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle, üst düzey planlar yapılıp, Levent'in gelişiminin plan kararlan doğrultusunda gerçekleşmesi önerilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, kullanıcıları fiziksel ve duysal olarak etkileyen çevrelerin yaratılmasına önem verilmesi öngörülmüştür.

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY The aim of this study is to determine the functional, physical, social changes in Levent and their effects on the users. In the first chapter, the reason of choosing the subject, the purpose and the study methods are explained. In the second chapter, a literature survey is made in order to gain the criteria needed in design to create responsive environments. The importance of these environments are tried to be explained. In the third chapter, development and change of Levent are researched, beginning with the first step until today. Certain fixings are made to analyze the reasons and effects of business use, changes made in the area and in the buildings. Then, the functional, physical and visual changes are found out. The effects of these changes on the area and on its users are tried to be set. In the last chapter, which is the result and the suggestions part, it is suggested to produce plans in order to realize the changes in Levent as wanted and necessary. It is also suggested to create good, natural environments that will affect the image of Levent and therefore, its users. Until 1947, Levent was an open area with mulberry trees, outside of Istanbul. In 1947, Real Estate Bank bought the area and planned to offer it for residential use. Plans are drawn by architect (prof) Kemal Ahmet Aru and architect Rebii Gorbon. The aim was to build one or two storey houses with gardens that will be used as social housing that are different than the apartment buildings.The most important physical qualities of Levent are its houses with gardens and its green areas. Levent improved through a plan but the changes happened independent from the plans. What was planned as a social housing area in 1950's, turned out to be a luxurious area in 1990's. It was planned to serve to housing purposes, but now, these houses are used for business reasons as well. Several types of houses with different heights are planned in Levent. The reason for this was to prevent the area from monotonous movement. The main purpose in designing Levent was to create an area which is beautiful, comfortable, not monotonous and will not cost much to design. Initially, First Levent was planned. The construction started in 1948 and completed in 1952. People were veiy much interested in the houses, so, immediately Second and Third Levent are started to built. Here, the target group was the middle-class, again, although some of the houses were built bigger than the ones in First Levent. Before starting the construction, with the experience gained from First Levent, more importance was given to the adaptation to the land in order to prevent problems and to answer some needs. Certain targets are determined and tried to be realized. 1. Roads will not be connected to each other if not necessary, 2. Vehicle and pedestrian roads are separated from each other, partially, 3. The number of the houses built on both sides of the main road are decreased in order to prevent the monotony, 6. Main traffic road is designed to be 12 meter, others are designed to be 9.5 and 7.5 meters. With the direction of the targets, listed above, the construction began and was completed in 1953. It was planned that First, Second and Third Levent have their own centers within themselves but this was realized only for First Levent. XVIIt was planned that First, Second and Third Levent have their own centers within themselves but this was realized only for First Levent. Real Estate Bank bought an area of 20 hectares when the First, Second and Third Levent were in high demand. Between 1954 and 1958, Fourth Levent was constructed. With the direction of several changes in the world and in Turkey, mix compositions are realized according to the family types. Apartment buildings with different heights are planned. According to the size of house some of them were no longer considered as social-house. One specialty of the houses in Fourth Levent was that the property was the base area, the borders of the properties were passed 1 meter outside the building and rests of the gardens are left to the municipality. This is an important reason in keeping its green areas, even now. Three centers are offered in Fourth Levent. In these centers; night-clubs, play grounds, garage, cinema, sports area, kinder-garden and similar functions are offered. While Fourth Levent was being planned, another important subject is the importance given to art as well as to architecture. Famous artists of that time are invited to the area and they were asked to do some paintings on the buildings. When the designs of First, Second, Third and Fourth Levent are compared, it can be seen that different house groups are planned in Fourth Levent for different family groups and special importance is given to art. In Fourth Levent, the centers are designed in detail. In First Levent a center is designed as well but in Second and Third Levent no center was realized. During the development of Istanbul, Levent was affected because of several changes. In İstanbul, the city center started to move along the Şişli- Mecidiyeköy-Zincirlikuyu-Maslak axle. In addition to this, with the increase of the population construction of new areas to be formed towards outside from the center. XVHUntil 1991, Levent was shown as a housing area on Beşiktaş District, The Bosphorus Foreseen and Attraction Zone Plan, scale 1/5000. After the road connections and with the movement of the business centers towards this zone, it was considered that Levent would be affected by this change. As a result, in 1991 Beşiktaş District, The Bosphorus Foreseen and Attraction Zone Plan, commercial use for tourism function along Nispetiye Caddesi is decided. Existing size and heights of the buildings would be protected. After this decision, the area began to serve for banks, offices, restaurants, bars, night clubs, etc. Right after this decision, Levent began to go through a process of change. In 1993 Beşiktaş District Foreseen and Attraction Zone Plan, another decision was given permitting the area for social and cultural establishments and buildings for administration purposes. In addition to this, Levent was accepted as a prestige area. Today, the improvement and functional change in Levent are still continuing. Levent, winch was designed for housing purposes is serving to business purposes today, as stated above. A survey was made by Nuran Zeren Gülersoy, Serap Demir and Ayşe Paşalıoğlu in 1994 to examine the functional changes in Levent, involving 88 business. According to this survey, there are several reasons of choosing the area for business purposes. These purposes are listed below: Prestige area: 35 %, Quite, peaceful and green: 25 % Availability commercial use: 5 % Owned property: 1 5 % Easy transport facilities: 10 % Closeness to the consumers: 5 % No parking problem: 5 % Functional change affected Levent physically. The types, heights, color of houses changed. The streets began to be filled with cars. People started to build garden walls around their houses. Because of these reasons, the visual image of XVlllthe city changed. People began to perceive it in a different way than they used to. Levent started to lose its identity and its characteristics. A questionnaire is made in Levent involving 50 families living in the area. Their ideas about social organization, transportation, pleasure from the buildings in physical aspect and physical change, functions and establishments needed, sensuous effects on the users and community participation are gained through the questions. As a result, it is found out that the people living in Levent are very-well educated and most of them have the top positions in their business. Generally they can reach their houses easily, since the traffic is better when compared to the other parts of the city. According to its inhabitants, Levent is a peaceful, clean, green, high-quality area with 1 or 2 storey houses. The restaurants, bars and night-clubs that make noise all-night long are found to be the most negative aspect of Levent. The inhabitants do not like the high-rise buildings built after 1990 around Levent, because they affected Levent physically creating traffic gem. People living in Levent believe in community participation to raise the quality of the environment. Therefore they want to be involved in such events. After the problems of the existing situation is understood and defined and it is suggested that upper-level plans should be prepared and improvements must be realized according to these plans. Type of business and trade activities and the norms of the buildings for commercial use must be fixed. It is required and important that qualitatively and quantitatively enough green areas must be created to satisfy the recreational needs of the people living in Levent. The area must have an identity having its own special characteristics and as the result of this, a distinguished area can be obtained with happy and satisfied users. XIX

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