Betonarme çok katlı prefabrike iskelet sistemler ve düğüm noktaları
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 46622
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. OKTAY CANSUN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 134
Özet
ÖZET özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ortaya çıkan büyük konut, sosyal ve endüstri yapısı açığı tasarımcıları ve inşaat sektöründe çalışan insanları yeni yapım teknolojileri üretmeye zorlamıştır. Günümüzde de, ülkemiz gibi gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş ülkelerde yukarıda sözü edilen yapı tiplerine duyulan gereksinim artarak sürmektedir. Bundan dolayı da yapım teknolojileri de gereksinmelerle doğru olarak gelişmektedir. Çabuk üretilen, maliyeti düşük, kaliteli ve kaynaklan rasyonel biçimde kullanabilen yapım teknikleri gereksinim duyulan yapı açığını karşılamak için kullanılması gereken en akılcı tekniklerdir. Bu çalışmada, başta prefabrika yapım teknikleri ve özel olarak da çok katlı prefabrike iskelet sistemler olmak üzere tüm endüstrileşmiş yapım teknikleri mcelenmiştir. Birinci bölüm olan giriş bölümünde genel olarak endüstrileşme, yapı da endüstrileşme gibi konulara değinilmiş, geliştirilmiş geleneksel yapım tekniklerinden kalıcı, takıhr-sökülür, kayar, şişirme ve tünel kalıplar hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde çalışmanın ana öğesini oluşturan prefabrike yapım teknikleri tamtılmıştır. Prefabrike yapı üretiminde kullanılan malzemelerden sözedilmiş ve beton esaslı prefabrikasyonun; imalatın yapıldığı yere göre, bileşenlerin ağırlık ve boyutları açısından, taşıyıcı sistemin kuruluş şekline göre ve sistemin üretim ve pazarlaması bakımından sınıflandırılması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu bölümde son olarak beton esaslı prefabrikasyonun olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri belirtilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde tezin ağırlıklı kısmım kapsayan betonarme çok katlı prefabrike iskelet sistemler tek tek tamtılmıştır. Çok katlı iskelet sistemlerin alt gruplarım oluşturan kolon-kirişli sistemler, çerçeve bölümlü sistemler ve kolon döşemeli sistemler hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca bütün bu sistemleri oluşturan sistem bileşenleri kesitleri, boyutları ve geçtiği açıklıklar ele alınarak mcelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise, üçüncü bölümde sözü edilen sistem bileşenleri arasındaki bağlantılar, sistemler gruplandırılarak irdelenmiştir. Düğüm noktası detayları, seçilen statik sistem ve bağlantı malzemeleri gözönünde bulundurularak, verilmiştir.Son olarak, tezin sonuçlar ve öneriler bölümünde bütün incelenen sistemler kısa olarak ele ahndıktan sonra, sistemler arası kıyaslamala yapılmaş ve sistemlerin olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri ortaya konmuştur. xı
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY Architects and structural engineers are generally most keenly interested in multi-stroey buildings because the greater part of the volume of present-day building construction belongs to this category. It is also the kind of building with which the ordinary citizen is most familiar. Because of tremendously increasing cost of site work, these construction projects can now be realised economically only by some form of“system building”developed on the basis of scientifically applied operational research. This thesis is concerned with system building, industrialisedd building methods, as applied more particularly to concrete construction. In each chapter the structural systems are first examined, then some information on structural design and detailing is given. The treatment of the subject matter ranges over the whole set of problems associated with prefabricated multi-storey building construction in concrete, from the erection of the main structural components to the imishings and fittings and the installing of technical services, industridised methods of manufacture and the planning of factories for the production of precast concrete components for building are also descireb. The subject matter has been treated independently of the particular features and merits of the various building systems considered. Fundamental principles and possible solutions are presented. Of course a system cannot provide a out and dried solution to every conceivable construction problem that may be encountered. New problems are bound to arise in every country and indeed in the work of every architect or construction firm. At the first chapter, some informations about in general meaning industrialisation and in dustrialised construction systems are given. Industrialisation in building production and accelerator and retarder reasons of development of building production in dusty are explained. Improved conventional construstion fectines are examined. Contemporary mould sytems are most commen improved conventional systems. Theese are; 1. Permanent moulds; 2. Mount-Demountable Moulds; 3. Sliding Moulds; 4. Inflated Moulds; 5. Tunel Moulds. xllAt the second chapter, prefabricated construction sytems are examined. Wood, steel, plastic and concrete metarials are used in prefabrication. Concrete is most common metarial. Concrete based prefabrication has various cllasifications. 1. From the producation place point of view ; a. Building site production; All of components are produced at the site or at the mobuil factory that near the site. b. Production in immobil factories; Components are produced at the stabil factories and transported to the site. 2. From the weights and dimensions of components point of view. Concrete based prefabrication can be cllassified according to weights of components as heavy prefabrication, middle-weight prefabrication and light prefabrication. According to dimensions of components as little, medium and large 3. According to structrute type ; a. Skeleton systems; Building is produced with components as column, beam and floor. * Systems with column and beam; This kind of sytems can be used at single-storey/large space buildingg and multi-storey buildings. Single storey-large space building is established in two kind. First, ankastre columns and beams, second two beams and strecher components. Multi storey buildings are examined in third chapter. * Frame systems; Columns and beams are produced as unique component at frame systems. Frame systems is used at single storey- large space buildings or multi-storey buildings. Single storey buildings can be produced with single-pieced frames, multi-pieced frames, lambda frames, triangler frames and arch beams. Multi storey buildings with frame systems are examined in third chapter. b. Superficial Systems; Thichnesses are very little in proportion to ofher dimensions at the superficial systems. * Constructive wall panels; Constructive, seperative and functions are supplied by wall panels at this kind of systems. * Folded plates. * Shells and Constructions with curved surfaces. xliic. Cell systems; Cells are three dimensional - spacal components that produced with walls and floors. Site works is minimized at cell systems. Finished components is used at this kind of systems. Industrualisation level is maximized at cell systems. d. Karma systems; Skelefon, superficial and cell systems are used together or two of them at systems (panel+skeleton, cell+panel, cell+skeleton or cell+panel+sceleton). 4. From the technical and economical point of view. a. Closed systems; Two kind of application is used at closed systems. First, only one building is produced by fabrication method. All of the companents and details are developed as specifically. Second, a lot of building are produced by fabrication method. But, Components are produced by one factory for determined projects and building types. b. Semi-closed systems; Some components are produced by one factory but some others can be choosed amongst the components are produced by other companies. c. Open systems; All of components can be choosed amongst the products are produced by different companies. Open systems have design flexibility and various combinations. Concrete based prefabrication has some disadvantages and advantages from the technical point of view. Advantages; economical at moulds, metarial and working, controlled production and qualified praduct because of qualified moulds, qualifed concrete because of pre-stressing, vibration processes, fast production, production can be done at all seasons, etc.. Disadvantages, difficult to supply rigid system, transportation and mounting problems. In the third chapter multi-storey prefabricated skeleton systems are examined. Components that are used at skeleton systems have little section dimensions like column, beam and grame, classification of multi-storey prefabricated skeleton systems is given. Theese systems are cllassified as ; 1. Systems with columns and beams; Building are built with easy- productable, easy-portable and easy-erectable component at this kind of systems. For this reason theese systems are used commonly. Hovewer, systems with columns and beams have some disadvantages. Theese are; constructive height, type and quantity of components, connections, defails are very much, connection and stability problems of the montage level, dividing wall and installation arrengements problems because of height of beams. xivSystems with columns and beams are classified as (from the beam arrangement point of view) ; a. Primary or Main Beams; Systems with main beams bring optimal solutions at the technological matters as to cross large spaces, erection, tranportation, storage, connection and mounting. For this reason they are used very commanly. Systems with main beams, from the statical point of view, can be established by continius columns and uncontinius columns. Connections can be choosed as pin-joint or rigid connections beetween the components (Column-beam, column-column). b. Secondary Beams; Light and simple components are used at the systems with secondary beams. This kind of systems bring some usefull solutions at production, transportation and erection levels, because of dimensions of components. Hovewer, they have some problems about mounting and defails, because of quantity of components. Two kind of arrengement can be used at secondary systems; Single-directory-secondary beams and two direction-secondary beams. 2. Frame systemsts; Buildings are built with frame components an floors. There are no columns and beams. Because, columns and beams are producted as unique component. Frame systems are classified as : a. Portal frames : Two-pinned portal frames disposed one above another. The beams in the centre bay are freely supported or rigidly connected to the frames. Structurally this is likewise a pin-jointed-multi storey portal frame system. b. H shaped frames : In some instances the centre bays have suspended beams resting on cantilevers from the adjacent frames. The column splices are located at mid-height or at one-third of the heigh between the floors. Structurally the framework is a pin-jointed multi-storey portal frame system. c. T shaped frames (possibly L shaped frames) : They are with pin-joint connections at the mid-span points of each floor and rigid or pi-joint connections in the columns. d. Lambda system : They are with T shaped column units and suspended beams (the bearings of these beams are located at the points of zero bending moment). The structural system is that of a rigid or a pin-jointed framework. xv3. Systems with column and floor units : They are composed of column and floor units. System with colum and floor units classified as. a. Structures composed of slab or plate type components : Slab or plate type component can also bu used for multi-story building. They are best suited for single-bay structures, as this enables the structure to be assembled entirely from such components. b. Mushroom-type structures : Mushroom floors are characteristic of monolifhic reinforced concrete construction. With precast units it İs not possible to build a true mushroom floor that is economical. Yet a thee-dimensional structural system comprising“mushroom”or“umbrella”units can be produced, though it is a different system from that of ordinary mushroom floor. c. Lift-slab system : They is intermediate between manalithic and precast construction. In this method the floor slabs are concreted one upon the ofher at ground level are then jacked up into position. In the fourth chapter, Connections are examined between the components at the multi-storey prefabricated skeleton systems. Three kind connections can be used at the concrete based multi-storey prefabricated skeleton systems ; 1. In-situ concrete connections : These are used for establishing rigid connections in framed structures and mush-room type structures. The in-situ concrete joint and column splice may both be located at floor level or the column splice may be located floor level. The beam connections and column splice may be completed simultaneoustly or at a large stage of construction. 2. Welded-bolted connections : The connections envisaged here are those in which the forces are transmitted by steel elements which are subsequently embedded in concrete mortar or grout serving only for profection against corrosion. They are either flexuraUy rigid or pin-joint connections. Their design is simplified when it is so devised that at any particular point only similar framework members have to be connected, i.e., beam to beam or column to column. 3. Prestressed connections : The use of straight or curved prest- ressing tendons has long been an accepted method of forming continuity joints between precast concrete beams over columns. Continuity may also be established by splicing the tendons with the aid of couplers. These methods are also suitable for forming the joints in multi-storey framed buildings. XVI
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