Avrupa Para Birliği'ne geçiş süreci
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 53862
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. MÜFİT AKYÜZ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Ekonomi, Economics
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 177
Özet
ABSTRACT In ail times and in all countries monetary systems and monetary policies became a necessity after the money had started for using as an exchange tool in the market. After the fast improvement of capitalism, the international trade volume had grew and the necessity for the money-credit systems importance had grew too. As a result of this necessity, in 1840 the first monetary system which is called the Gold Standard had started. However at the beginning of the 20 Th. century at 1930's the economic crisis in the world had prevented the efforts in order to build up a monetary cooperation between the countries and the system had left. After the world war II the countries had decided to settle the economic demolition and disaster by the way of solidarity and cooperation. The international money environment had tried to work with this respect and they had improved the Bretton woods system and its institutes IMF and World Bank. Unfortunately this system, up seted because of the financial crisis during the beginning of the 1 970's and left by the countries who are decided to leave their currencies freely fluctuation. The international monetary systems; which could not reach a stability by the global approaches, could find an opportunity to reach a healthy structure by regional approaches. European Economic and Monetary Integration process which has started at 1958 by Rome Treaty is a good sample for these kind of formation efforts. At the beginning of this formation in Europe it seemed like a common market, but it has changed to an economic community and with the basis of a single act Europe had reached its main object“European Union”at 1992 with Maastricht Treaty. During this period of time the European Monetary environment who used to will to establish a Monetary Union in Europe firstly tried Werner plan and put it in to effect. But the object of the plan“1980 European Single Money”avoided because of the 1 970's monetary and economic crisis and poor political support. However the second try which is European Monetary System succesed and established a stability in Europe. The most important point is its longevity as it still works. The Delors report, that is prepared for reaching monetary union in Europe had put in to effect by Maastricht Treaty and proposed to the countries to reach the single money by passing different stages and to establish a European Central Bank in order to managegeleceği konusunda endişeler oluşmuştur. Avrupa Birliği Üyelerinin, Para Birliği'ne geçiş kriterlerini yakalamakta zorlandıkları görülmektedir. Ancak Avrupa Komisyonu ve Avrupa Para Enstitüsü gibi kurumların ve Hükümetlerarası Konferansların sürecin ilerlemesi ve Para Birliği Takviminin gerçekleşmesi yönünde yoğun çabalan sözkonusudur. Avrupa Birliği 1995 Madrid Zirvesin'de bu konuda önemli kararlar alınmış ve üyeler Para Birliği'ne geçiş konusundaki kararlılıklarını bir kez daha teyid etmişlerdir. 1996 yılında bazı üye ülkelerde ağırlık kazanan ekonomik istikrar yönünde ortaya atılan ve tüm baskılara rağmen uygulanmaya çalışılan bütçe kesintileri bu kararlılığın ekonomik yansımaları olarak algılanmaktadır.
Özet (Çeviri)
ABSTRACT in ali times and in ali countries monetary systems and monetary policies became a necessity after the money had started for using as an exchange tool in the market. After the fast improvement of capitalism, the international trade volume had grew and the necessity for the money-credit systems importance had grew too. As a result of this necessity, in 1840 the first monetary system which is called the Gold Standard had started. Hovvever at the beginning of the 20 Th. century at 1930's the economic crisis in the world had prevented the efforts in order to build up a monetary cooperation betvveen the countries and the system had left. After the world war II the countries had decided to settle the economic demolition and disaster by the way of solidarity and cooperation. The international money environment had tried to work with this respect and they had improved the Bretton vvoods system and its institutes IMF and World Bank. Unfortunately this system, up seted because of the financial crisis during the beginning of the 1970's and left by the countries who are decided to leave their currencies freely fluctuation. The international monetary systems; which could not reach a stability by the global approaches, could find an opportunity to reach a healthy structure by regional approaches. European Economic and Monetary Integration process which has started at 1958 by Rome Treaty is a good sample for these kind of tbrmation efforts. At the beginning of this formation in Europe it seemed like a common market, but it has changed to an economic community and with the basis of a single act Europe had reached its main object“European Union”at 1992 with Maastricht Treaty. During this period of time the European Monetary environment who used to will to establish a Monetary Union in Europe fırstly tried Werner plan and put it in to effect. But the object of the plan“1980 European Single Money”avoided because of the 1970's monetary and economic crisis and poor political support. However the second try which is European Monetary System succesed and established a stability in Europe. The most important point is its longevity as it stili works. The Delors report, that is prepared for reaching monetary union in Europe had put in to effect by Maastricht Treaty and proposed to the countries to reach the single money by passing different stages and to establish a European Central Bank in order to manage 6common monetary policies. At the same time the report had put some standards and criteria for reaching the monetary union object. However at the beginning of 90's because of speculative money crisis, recession and hard economic conditions, political hesitation and socio-cultural differences, the Monetary Union process damaged and its future became disputable. And the individual economic panorama of the member countries show that most of them could not meet the passing criteria's. But the European Commission and European Monetary Institute and Inter governmental conference have many efforts in order to realize the monetary union calendar and improve the process. At the European Union Madrid submit some decisions had taken and the member states had confirmed their determinations about EMU. In order to realize this determination member states had decided to work for the economic stability and close the budget deficit and in order to show their sincere will they have to practice these decisions against all of pressures.
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2002
İşletmeKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesiİşletme Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. MUSTAFA ÇIKRIKÇI