Rapana venosa'da 134 Cs ve 65 Zn ile N intricatada 110m Ag biyokinetiğinin incelenmesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 55530
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. BERİL TUĞRUL
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Nükleer Mühendislik, Nuclear Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 86
Özet
ÖZET Çevre kirliliğinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturan deniz kirliliğinde denizin coğrafik durumu, kirlilik beslenme kaynaklan ve ekolojik çevresi önemli kriterlerdir. Bu açıdan ele alındığında Karadenizin ayrı bir önemli bulunmaktadır. Karadeniz' de başta petrol, toksik element, pestisist, deterjan ve radyoaktif elementlerin yanısıra, petrol taşımacılığı sonucu sintine ve balast sulan ile tanker kazalarından doğan petrol atıkları önemli miktarda kirliliğe yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca Çernobil nükleer santral kazasından sonra da bu denizde 131I, 103Ru, 137Cs ve 110mAg radyoizotoplarına rast kazasından etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. 134Cs, 137Cs ve 110mAg radyoizotoplarına rastlanmış olması, Karadeniz1 in Çernobil Deniz radyoekoloji araştırmalarının asıl görevi, deniz ortamına yayılan radyoizotoplara deniz yaşamı ve insan üzerine etkisini inceleme ve değerlendirmeye bilimsel bir dayanak teşkil etmesidir. Etkilerin değerlendirilmesi, deniz ekosistemi ve bileşenleri arasında radyoizotopların dağılımını ve transferini anlamayı gerektirir. Bu çalışmada Karadeniz' den toplanan Rapana venosa ile Natica intricata örneklerinde 134Cs, 65Zn ve 110mAgradyoizotoplannmbiyokinetiği araştmlmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, R. venosa türünde 65Zn radyoizotopunun biyobirikimi 134Cs radyoizotopunun biyobirikimine göre daha kuvvetlidir. Radyoizotopların kabuk ve iç organlar arası dağılımında da benzer değişiklikler saptanmıştır. Aynca biyolojik kayıp, biyobirikime göre daha uzun sürmektedir. N. intricata türünde ise 110mAg radyoizotopunun birikimi ve kaybı beklenti doğrultusunda olup, biyolojik atılım biyobirikime göre hayli uzun bir süreçtir. Bu durumda, Karadeniz gibi kirlilik sorunları olan bir denizde yumuşakça türü canlıların popülasyonunun önem arzettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bakımdan biyobalans çerçevesinde söz konusu türdeki organizmaların varlıklarının devamının desteklenmesi gereken bir olgu olması gerektiği söylenebilir.
Özet (Çeviri)
INVESTIGATION OF BIOKTNETICS OF 134Cs and 65Zn RADIOIZOTOPS in 110m, RAPANA VENOSA and IlumAg in NATICA INTRICATA SUMMARY Environmental surveys conducted by using radioactive tracking techniques which make up an important group of nuclear techniques used for peaceful means during the last 50 years, enable us to make sensitive and advanced evaluations. Geographic conditions of the sea, pollution sources and ecological systems, together with water movements are important criteria in environmental pollution. When examined from this point of view, the Black Sea has a specific importance. Pollution by petroleum, toxic elements, pesticides, detergents and radioactive elements has caused some of numerous fish species in the Black Sea to have become extinct and the species being fished today has greatly decreased in number. Many of the rivers, mainly Danube, Dynyeper, Dynyester, Don and Kuban, which flow into the Black Sea carry industrial residues. In addition, as a result of petroleum transportation, bilge and ballast waters and petroleum residues resulting from sea accidents also join sea waters. Following the Chernobyl accident, 131I, 103Ru, 134Cs, 137Cs, 110mAg isotopes were identified from radioactive measurements of fish, sea snails, mussels and macroalgae samples and this proved that the Black Sea was affected by the Chernobyl accident. The Black Sea is a sea which should therefore be closely examined from our country's point of view and as regards global environmental problems and from the point of view of pollution in Black Sea. In the marine environment, stable caesium, as a chemical contaminant, is of no importance. Investigations concerned with biokinetics using radioisotopes of these elements has made a lot of inputs research into chemical environmental pollution, rather than radioactive pollution. In this doctorate work, 134Cs, 65Zn and 110mAg radioisotopes were used for tracking and two different molluscs was selected as bioindicators for biokinetic researches. Among these, Rapana venosa is peculiar to the Black Sea and no research on this and this study was carried out, for the reason that on this species no research has been encontered in the literature. R. venosa is a mollusc which is at the Prosobrancia subclass of Gastropada class and lives on top of sediments and is found abundantly at a dept of 10-100 m. Feeds on mussel type organisms filter sea water. xiNatica intricata which has been selected for general work, is a widely common mollusc. These animals which belong to the Pulmonata subclass of Gastropoda, live stuck on top of rocks and feed on moss and particles in the water. In this study including R. venosa which is found in the Black Sea and N. intricata found in venous seas, the goal is to shed light on the effects of three important elements on the ecosystem. During the experiments, the biokinetics of silver, caesium and zinc elements were investigated. These elements have been carried into the Black Sea with chemical wastes and residual elements discharged by countries that have coasts on the Black Sea or by the rivers flowing into the same sea. Also, the Chernobyl accident was a major cause of the existence of these radioisotopes. Radioisotopes of 110mAg, 134Cs and 65Zn were provided from Amersham company. Silver was used in the form of nitrate, zinc and caesium chloride. 20 individuals of R. venosa weighting 95-325 grams, used for the experiments were provided by fishermen who cast nets for fishing, near Fener and Poyraz villages on the coast of the Black Sea. N. intrica' s were hand picked on the shores of Poyraz, Fener and Şile. 60 of these organisms were used, weighting of 0.2-0.3 grams. The collected organisms were taken to ÇNAEM Radiobiology Department. They were placed in plastic aquariums filled with sea water taken from the location where the organisms were collected In order to adapt the R. venosa and the N. intricata1 s to laboratory conditions, they were kept for a period of three weeks and ten days respectively, inside special plastic aquariums were which filled with marine water before the experiments were started. For the bioaccumulation experiments of the R. venosa' s, plastic aquariums with a capacity of 10 liters were filled with 6 liters of sea water and, air was circulated inside the aquariums using air pumps to provide oxygen for the organisms throughout the experiments. One liter polyethylene test vessel was used to experiment with N. intricata' s and the amount of sea water inside this vessel was 250 ml. All of the tests were carried out at 13±2 °C, in conditions similar to that of the Black Sea. XllInto each of the aquariums containing R. venosa, 134Cs and 65Zn isotopes were added to provide a concantration of 1000 Bq/L, and the water in the aquariums was changed on alternate days. Activity concentration was fixed on 1000 Bq/L by adding activity. Into the aquarium containing N. intricata, 110mAg isotopes were added to provide 500 Bq/L concentration. When the water of the test vessel was changed, activity was added and the bioaccumulation tests of R. venosa and N. intricata were continued in this fashion for 50 and 20 days respectively. At the end of the bioaccumulation test, biological loss tests were started. Loss tests using R. venosa lasted for 81 days and during the tests, they were taken into clean water, with a flow speed of 1 liter/hour. Loss tests using N. intricata lasted for 95 days and during the tests, they were taken into clean sea water, water waschanged twice a day. Through the tests R. venosa were fed with mussels and N. intricata were fed with microalgae. During bioaccumulation and biological loss tests, organisms selected at random from the two species were dissected and the activity percentages of shells and soft tissues were observed. Radioactivity measurements of the tests were implemented using Canberra S-35 type multi-channel analyzer (4096 channels) at TAEK-ÇNAEM Radiobiology Department. Two separate Nal(Tl) detectors, one well type scintillator with a dimension of 3X3 inch and one flat scintillator with a dimension of 3X3 inch are connected this analyzer. The counting set has been calibrated before each counting and the same counting geometry has been established for each counting. 110mAg and 134Cs+63Zn standards were prepared as a reference. The organisms were counted two times a week with a duration of 100 seconds. Before each count, back-ground count time was 100 seconds. During bioaccumulation tests, 10 R. venosa were weighed, marked and placed inside a 10 liter aquarium containing 6 liters of unfiltered sea water. Before the counts, they were taken into vessels containing inactive sea water and they were washed. Counting was made inside plastic vessels using flat detectors and during each counting, a 40 ml. sample of the experimental water was taken and counted to determine the activity, 604,7 keV energy for 134Cs and 1115,55 keV energy for 65Zn were used. The concentration factor has been calculated with; SAorg/g CF= xlOO SAsu/ml SA=Specific activity CF=Concentration factor XlllDuring accumulation tests on the 7th, 15th and 43rd days, organisms were dissected and the results of shells and soft tissues were expressed as a percentage of total activity of R. venosa. Accumulation of 110mAg in N. intricata which was placed in a one liter polyethylene vessels containing 250 ml of unfiltered sea water was examined. Counting of 50 organisms placed in this vessel after measuring their weights, was done using groups of ten organisms and using a well type detector. 657.76 keV energy was used to evaluate silver radioisotope. Distribution of shells and inner organs were examined during the 4th, 14th and 20th days. Before proceeding to loss test, ten marked R. venosa were left for mCs and 65Zn accumulation for a period of 50 days. They were then counted and taken into a clean water system for loss tests. Mussels were given as food. They were dissected during the 10th, 55th and 74th days. 50 N. intricata, left for 110mAg bioaccumulation in groups of 10 a period of 20 days, were taken into a 5 liter vessel filled with sea water to measure the loss, their water was changed two times a day and microalgae type organisms were given, as food. During the tests, it was observed that, accumulation of 134Cs radioisotope was slower than that of 65Zn, in the R. venosa species. During experiments made using shells and inner organs, the same changes were observed. Accumulation first starts in the shell of the organism and once the bioaccumulation reaches a certain value in the shell, it starts to be felt strongly in the inner organs and exceed the amount in the shells in ratio. Accumulation and loss of 110mAg in the N" intricata species is in agreement with expectations. Biological loss was a longer process than bioaccumulation. Increase in the concentration in the shell was observed.. Both radioisotopes were used in experiments with R. venosa, it has been observed that biological loss took a longer time than bioaccumulation. Decrease for both isotopes begins in the shell. Analytical evaluation at the end of the tests showed that, pollutant elements were quickly absorbed by the organisms, and if the environment is cleared, the depuration speed of the pollution is slower compared to the absorption speed. Although bioaccumulation ratio in the shells and inner organs of molluscs show a similarity, there are differences in value depending on the pollutant element and the organism. Even though there were differences in the duration of bioaccumulation and biological loss between organisms, biokinetic laws were valid. XIVA major aim of marine radioecological investigations is to help furnish the scientific basis to predict the impact on marine life and man of radioisotops released to the seas. To assess these effects, it is necessery to understand how radionuclides are distributed and transferred between components of marine ecosystems. Estimation of the rates and efficiencies with which radionuclides move between organisms and their environment is important. During the bioaccumulation process, pollution element was absorbed hastily at the beginning but after a certain period this speed decreased and it showed an asymmetric variation with a low thrust contrary to this, during the biological loss, an abrupt thrust could not be observed, change in the thrust was slower. Finally, it was found that species of molluscs could be used as a removal element for environmental pollution. Organisms used during the research absorbed the pollutant elements in a speedy manner the pollution elements and kept them within their bodies. XV
Benzer Tezler
- Deniz salyangozunda (Rapana venosa) radyosezyum kinetiğinin araştırılması
Investigation of radiocesium kinetics in sea snail (Rapana venosa)
DİDEM PEŞTRELİ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2011
Biyolojiİstanbul ÜniversitesiBiyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
DR. SAYHAN TOPÇUOĞLU
PROF. DR. YAVUZ ÇOTUK
- Orta Karadeniz'de deniz salyangozunun (Rapana venosa Valenciennes., 1846) bidonla avcılığı, yavru yetiştiriciliği ve bazı biyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Whelk fishing (Rapana venosa Valenciennes., 1846) by using pots in The Middle Black Sea, juvenile culturing and determining some of their biological characteristics
GÖKHAN ERİK
Doktora
Türkçe
2011
Su ÜrünleriSinop ÜniversitesiSu Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. SEDAT KARAYÜCEL
- Okyanus asitlenmesinin Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) üzerindeki etkileri
Effects of ocean acidification on Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846)
SERDAR AKSAN
- Yeni bir heparinoid olan raparin üzerinde çalışmalar
Başlık çevirisi yok
LÜTFİ GENÇ
Doktora
Türkçe
1993
Eczacılık ve FarmakolojiAnadolu ÜniversitesiFarmasötik Teknoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ERDEN GÜLER
- Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki deniz salyangozunun (Rapana venosa, Valenciennes, 1846) mevsimsel biyokimyasal kompozisyonu ve et kalitesi değişiminin belirlenmesi
Determination of seasonal variation in the meat quality and biochemical composition of sea snail (Rapana venosa, Valenciennes, 1846 ) from the Eastern Black Sea region
ALTAN KIRAN
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2015
Su ÜrünleriRecep Tayyip Erdoğan ÜniversitesiSu Ürünleri Ana Bilim Dalı
YRD. DOÇ. SERKAN KORAL