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İnşaat sektöründe işçi göçü; Türk müteahhitlik firmalarının Rusya deneyi

Labour migration in construction sector: Russia experience of Turkish contractor firms

  1. Tez No: 66538
  2. Yazar: SELİM KAVALCIOĞLU
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. A. ŞULE ÖZÜEKREN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1997
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Bina Yapım Yönetimi Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 240

Özet

Yurt Dışı Müteahhitlik Hizmetleri Sektörü, son yıllarda önemini giderek arttıran bir sektördür. Bu sektör kapsamında bir çok Türk Müteahhitlik Firması, çeşitli ülkelerde, çeşitli yapı tipleri üzerinde hizmetler vermiş olup, halen de, bu hizmetlerine devam etmektedirler. Hizmet verdikleri bu ülkelerde, üstlendikleri projelerde o ülkedeki yerel işçilerin yanısıra Türk İşçileri'nden de yararlanmaktadırlar. Yurt dışında proje üstlenme ve işçi çalıştırma konusunda, inşaat sektöründe hizmet veren firmaların tutumunu saptamaya yönelik alan çalışmasının amacı, inşaat sektöründe şu anda ağırlıklı olarak gündemde olan Rusya Pazan'nda, proje üstlenmiş Türk Müteahhitlik Firmalan'nın, işgücü konusunda karşılaştıkları sorunları tespit etmek ve çözüm önerilerinin geliştirilmesinde katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu amaçla, kaynak araştırmalarının yanısıra, yurt dışında proje üstlenen Türk Firmalarına işçi temin etmekle görevli olan İş ve İşçi Bulma Kurumu arşivinde, Rusya'ya gönderilen işçilerle ilgili bir arşiv çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalarda sonucunda da, Rusya'ya gönderilen 1203 adet işçi incelenmiş ve bu işçilerle ilgili detaylı bilgi elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ana amacına yönelik alan çalışması kapsamında ise, Rusya'da proje üstlenen 1 1 adet Türk Müteahhitlik Firması'nın, proje müdürleri ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile, kaynak araştırmalarında elde edilen bilgiler ışığında hazırlanan ve 42 sorudan oluşan, bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Böylece, firmaların Rusya'da proje üstlenilmesi ile ilgili sorunların yanısıra o ülkede işçi çalıştırma konusunda karşılaşılan sorunlar da tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında da, alan çalışması sonucunda elde edilen ve şu anda da halen çözümlenmeyi bekleyen bu sorunlara yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir. XII

Özet (Çeviri)

must be classified and examined in two different groups; interior migration and exterior migration. Near the population desires, there are some other causes. Exactly, the developings, in the paralel to the industrialization, accelerates the migration. The political and social developings, the ethnical events, the wars and the naturel disasters create the migration causes, too. The community groups migrateto the other countries or to the regions because of the causes, described above. So, it is not hard to be understood that the Migration Fact is as old as the humanbeing's history and it is an indicator of social change and development. Different periods of the Migration Fact are described at the second part of this section. After the discovery of America Continent, by the helps of the sea transportation developments, migration movements were occured. As an example, in the Colonial Period, thousands of Africans were forced to migrate to America for working with having no rights. After the Colonial Period, we meet the period in which the employees worked after making agreements with the employers. The difference of this period was, the workmen worked by the agreements which gave them too less rights. In the Industrialization Period, both the developments, occured in industrialization and the developments in the agriculture accelerates the migration from the country-side to the cities. In section three, the Migration Fact in Turkey is described. It has to be classified in two groups as interior migration and exterior migration, as it is all over the world. But this thesis is interested in exterior migration, in which the Turkish Workmen migrate to the foreign countries for working. After the Second World War, the West European Countries, exactly West Germany, needed to be rebuilt. They wanted to transfer employement XIVfrom the other countries which had too much. Turkey was one of these countries and the West Germany was the first country, the Turkish Employment was transferred. After then, we met some African and Middle East Countries. Libya, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were the most important ones. At last, C.I.N Countries become the new market-places for the Turkish Contractor Firms. And today, they are still very important. In section four, the 1203 Turkish Workmen that sent to Russia by using the help of Labour Placement Office (L.P.O.), worked in five different Turkish Contractor Firms, in november and october-1994, are examined. Their agreement periods, graduations, states of being married or unmarried, ages groups and home districts are analized. In the reasons of the analysis; for the agreement periods of them wants to work for long period, at least one year. And they wants to work in Russia. The amount of the workmen who wants to work in short period in a country different from Russia, are not too much. Secondly, the quality of the workmen is given in the reasons of the analysis. The workmen are generally from different occupations. But most of them are unqualified workmen. And then, electricians and electronicians are corne after. Thrirdly the education levels of the workmen are given. In the analysis on the education levels of the them, we see that, most of them are graduated from primary school. The secondary school graduates, the second crowded group. The amount of the industry lise graduates are the less crowded group. But, according to the archieve investigation, they dont have to much difficulty in going. Although the industry lise graduates are prefered by the employers.they don't prefer working out of Turkey. Workers' states of being married or unmarried are also given. About the workmen's states of being married or unmarried, it is seen that, most of them are unmarried. The second most crowded group is married-having 2 children XVgroup. It is interesting that, amoung the workmen married-having 10 children workmen are found. In examining the age groups, it is seen that, the workmen 30-33 year old are the most crowded group. 22-25 year old group workmen are the second most crowded group. The amount of the workmen, 18-21 year old and elder than 44 years old are too less. In the analysis of the workmen home districts, the workmen from Erzurum are the most crowded group. Then the group of workmen that born in Ankara and Kayseri comes after. In the sixth section, the reasons, taken away from the discussions made with the qualified managers of eleven different contractor firms are given. They give answers to an enquiry, consisting of 42 questions. In the analysis of these discussions, it is understood that there are industrial firms as well as the building contractor firms. Most of the building contractor firms build factories and industrial buildings. Some of them specializes in residential buildings. Half of these firms were constracted in a foreign country at the first time. Russia is the first market-place of these firms. The other firms were constracted in a foreign countries before. The reason, why the Turkish Contractor Firms are use the Turkish Labour although it is more expensive, is that the Turkish Workers are more useful and productive. They accept the new workmen to their firms according to the recommendations of their own workmen. Before making agreements with the workmen, the firms give every kinds of knowledge and detail about the work, to the workmen. The typical agreement is to be done in L.P.O. before sent them, by firms. Although these agreements are made between employees and workmen, the agreements sometimes lose their validness in Russia; and it is hard to control it. The costs of the arrivings are paid by the firms to the workmen. And, XVIthe workmen give no money for the food and the staying place. There is also quarentee for the workmen against the accidents in the building sites. And the sallaries are paid to the workmen in time, written in the agreement. And, the climate problem is the most important problem for the Turkish workers at the first time. For that reason, they always gets sick in the last few days. At the end of this section, the relations between the firms and the Russian Population are described. These relations are generally well and there are not to much urgent problems. Exactly, the firms have contracted in Russia for years, have no problems. Besides all of these, the contractors which will be made between Turkey and Russia, will make the Russia more attractive for the Turkish Firms. At the supplement section of the thesis, the forms and the enquiries about the archieve and open air studies are found. XVII

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