Doğancılar Paşa Konağının sağlık, güvenlik ve enerji etkin kabuk sistemlerinin yenilenmesi
The renovation of Doğancilar Mansion in plumbing, fire protection and passive solar systems
- Tez No: 66579
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. EŞNER BERKÖZ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Yapı Bilgisi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 88
Özet
ÖZET Geleneksel Türk konut mimarisine ait eserler, korunması gereken tarihi değerler arasında önemli yer tutarlar. Bu sivil mimarlık örnekleri gerçek yerlerini ancak sosyal ve ekonomik olarak çağdaş gereksinimleri karşılayacak biçimde sağlıklaştırılıp kullanılarak bulurlar. Mimari mirasımız olan bu yapılara uygun bir işlev kazandırmak, onları günümüz yaşamının bir parçası haline getirmek, onları kullanan halkı daha duyarlı kılacak ve böylelikle daha geniş alanda bir koruma sağlanacaktır. Bu amaçla tez kapsamında İstanbul Doğancılar'daki tarihi olan Paşa Konağı da bir koruma örneği olarak ele alınmış, ve yeniden kullanımı için modern koruma tekniklerinden faydalanılarak yapının sağlık, güvenlik ve pasif ısıtma sisteminin yenilenmesi sağlanmıştır. Girişi oluşturan birinci bölümün ardından, ikinci bölümde, geleneksel ahşap konutların korunmasına değinilmiş ve güncel koruma teknikleri tanıtılmıştır. Doğancılar Paşa Konağı'nın korunarak yenilenmesi için uygun görülen teknikler açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca konağın güvenlik, sağlık ve enerji etkin korunması gerekliliği düşünülerek, uygulanması gereken yöntemler ve uyulması gereken yönetmelikler tariflenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, Üsküdar-Doğancılar Paşa Konağı'nın mevcut durumunun tanıtılmasına yer verilmiştir. Bu bölümde, konağın bilindiği kadarıyla tarihçesi anlatılmış ve rölöveleri sunulmuştur. Ayrıca konağın strüktürünü, sağlık döşemini, yangın döşemini ve pasif ısıtma sistemini içeren yapısal nitelikleri tanıtılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde de, yapısal nitelikleri ve yeni işlevi için ihtiyaçları tanımlanmış olan Doğancılar Paşa Konağı'nın koruma ilkeleri çerçevesinde yeni işlevine adapte edilmesi anlatılmış, ayrıca ahşap yapıda yenilenen sağlık ve yangın döşemi, pasif ısıtma sistemi projeleriyle desteklenerek açıklanmıştır. vııı
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY This study consist of five main parts. In the first part, the subject and the aim of the study are introduced. A historic building is one that gives us sense of wonder and makes us want to know more about the people and culture that produced it. It has architectural, aesthetic, historic, documentary, archaeological, economic, social and even political and spiritual or symbolic values. From the past to the present day, the historic monuments remain as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity. The process of restoration is highly specialised operation. Its aim is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the monument and is based on respect for original material and authentic documents. The restoration in any case must be preceded and followed by an archeological and historical study of the monument. The best way of preserving buildings is to keep them in use. It is the only way historic and aesthetic values can be saved economically and historic buildings brought up to contemporary standards. IXTurkish mansions have importance for Ottoman Empire. The life in these mansions reflected the growing tolerance of the empire. Doğancılar mansion in Üsküdar is one of those allocated by the Palace to top-rauk generals. This 19th century wooden mansion, that needs conservation and preservation, is the example for this thesis. To hand on and bring up the mansion to contemporary standards, we should follow some principles guiding preservation and restoration. The principles, approved in the 2nd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, that met in Venice, are still guiding the preservation of monuments. Therefore, in the second part of the thesis, the degrees of intervention, the principles and the regulations were described. Although there are seven degrees of intervention, the four of them applied to the conservation project of this mansion, are detailed in the second part, that follows the introduction part. They are liberation, consolidation, rehabilitation, and new additions. For liberation the Charter says;“ The valid contributions of all periods to the building of a monuments must be respected, since the unity of style is not the aim of a restoration. When a building includes the superimposed work of different periods, the revealing of the underlying state can only be justified in exceptional circumstances and when what is removed is of little interest and the material which is brought to light is of great historical, archaeological or aesthetic value, and its state of preservation is good enough to justify the action.”Consolidation is the physical addition of adhesive or supportive materials into the actual fabric cultural property, in order to ensure its continued durability or structural integrity. With historic buildings, when the strength of structural elements has been so reduced than it is no longer sufficient to meet future hazards, consolidation of the existing material may have to be carried out. However, the integrity of the structural system must be respected and its form preserved. No historical evidence should be destroyed. Only by first understanding how an historic building acts as a whole as a 'spatial environmental system' is it possible to introduce new techniques satisfactorily, or provide a suitable environment for objects of art, or make adjustments in favour of a new use. Rehabilitation is to keep the historical value in use and modernization with or without adaptive alternation. The Venice Charter also has an article on additions that says;“ Additions cannot be allowed except in so far as they do not detract from the interesting parts of the building, its traditional setting, the balance of its composition and its relation with its surrounding.”Also in this part, the necessity of renovation in plumbing was pointed out. Washing water, scullery wastes, waste water, human excreta and domestic refuse must be removed from the dwellings in such a way to preventdisseminating pathogenic germs, fermentation of wastes and noxious or evil smelling gases. Each dwelling must include its own water closet. In the same part, fire protection regulations for wood truss constructions, that held by the Municipality, were explained. Also the required systems like fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems, fire hose cabinets and fire stairs were described. The importance of thermal comfort in the building also has place in the second part of the thesis. The thermal comfort depends on the passive solar heating components and their heat transfer resistances, total heat transfer coefficients and transparency ratios. Related explanations and formulas on passive solar heating system remain in the same part. In the third part, the history, the structural characteristics, existing plumbing and fire precautions and thermal characteristics of the mansion were described. In all works of preservation, restoration or excavation, there should alwasys be precise documentation in the form of analitical and critical reports, illustrated with drawings. While planning a conservation program, the different phases of construction of the building complex, later interventions, any internal or external peculiarities and the environmental context of surroundings of the building are all relevant manners. The wooden mansion is being used as a warehouse by the Üsküdar Municipality since 1980. The main building, covers an area of 1500 m2 with its single storey courtyard, consists of three storeys and an attic. As mentioned before, the mansion is a wood truss construction with its headers, joists and cripples. The building also has the traditional ornamented ceiling coverings, indoor doors, wood sheathing on the facade and eaves. The mansion has five rooms used for water closet area when it was used as a warehouse by the Üsküdar Municipality. Although fire is one of the major risks for wood truss constructions, unfortunately the mansion has no fire precautions. The heat transfer resistances of exterior walls and roof were also calculated in the third part. In the fourth part, all the preservation and restoration works done were explained. The Venice Charter says;“ The conservation of monuments are always facilitated by making use of them for socially useful purpose. Such use is therefore desirable but it must not change the layout or decoration of the building. It is within these limits only that codifications demanded by a change of function should be envisaged and may be permitted.”To put the mansion in use with minimum effective intervention and to bring the building up to contemporary standards, the mansion is turned into a guesthouse for university. The conservation is done to match the new function of the mansion. XIOn the ground floor, the greatest room was designed as the cafeteria of the guesthouse, and the other rooms were turned into bedrooms, each having its own bathroom. The entrance hall was intended to have the reception desk in the middle. On the first floor, the rooms were also turned into bedrooms. Manager's office and a bedroom for the manager were also located on this floor. All the rooms in the third floor were turned into bedrooms. Finally, the roof floor was for reading, watching TV and resting. While adapting the mansion to the new function, some of the walls had to be knocked down and some of them had to be rebuilt. All these works were done according to the needs of wood truss system. As described in the second part, some principles guiding preservation and restoration were followed. The mansion was liberated by removing an addition from a different period. This old addition was neither stylistically nor structurally harmonious with the main building. Also there was another addition of a different period, on the courtyard, adjacent to the mansion. This addition was also removed, but rebuilt again as the mechanical room of the guesthouse. The new, mechanical room, was not wood truss construction, but a concrete, to make it 120 minute fire resistant. In the guesthouse every room has its own bathroom. To be able to use some of the walls as plumbing walls, the bathrooms were located one on the top of the other. By using these plumbing walls, water pipings and drains won't damage the wooden walls, and it would be easy to handle problems. Also in the fourth part, fire protection systems of the building were explained. As the first prevention, concrete fire stairs were built adjoining the mansion. Sidewall sprinklers, which are automatic extinguisher systems, were located in each room. Thus, the ornamented ceilings won't be damaged. Also the smoke detectors were located in the rooms, that will address the zone in fire. According to the thermal insulation regulations, TS 825, Doğancılar Mansion in Üsküdar is in the first climatic zone. The calculated heat transfer resistance of the exterior walls, seems enough for the first climatic zone. Thus, there is no need to change the facade elements. But unfortunately the heat transfer resistance calculated for the roof wasn't enough for this zone. To increase the existing heat transfer resistance, isolation foam was applied under the roof tiles as a new layer. XllThis mansion, documenting a social life in a certain period, should be taken into consideration and restorated in such a way, that its historical values can be inherited by the next generations. In the last part, outcomes of the thesis are briefly summarized.
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