Sati al-husri as an ottoman intellectual:The idea of homeland, nation, and nation-building project
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- Tez No: 708757
- Danışmanlar: Belirtilmemiş.
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Siyasal Bilimler, Tarih, Political Science, History
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2017
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Harvard University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
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- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 51
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Özet (Çeviri)
In contemporary scholarship, Sati al-Husri [1880-1968] is best known for his ideas on Arab nationalism and for supporting the use of Arabic as the primary language for state affairs and in educational purposes in Arab lands. Many Arabist politicians and intellectuals consider him to be an iconic figure and frequently cite his name when propagating their own nationalist thoughts. However, many of the ideals Sati al-Husri subscribed to in his later years were not wholly aligned with those he had promoted during his time as an Ottoman citizen until 1919. In fact, when Sati al-Husri was an Ottoman citizen, he devoted his time to spreading the patriotism of the Ottoman Empire and was involved in many in-depth discussions through which he analyzed how the Ottoman state should be preserved. This thesis fills the lacuna in the field regarding Sati al-Husri's ideas on homeland during his life as an Ottoman citizen. According to Sati al-Husri, nation-states differs from one another and exhibits distinct features and elements when they were first founded. Since every group of people has motivated by different factors and these factors were considered to be unifying elements, the definition of nation differed from one place to another during the time of the Ottoman Empire. Sati al-Husri examined some of the nation-building projects within the context within which the nations were formed and suggested that, in the case of Germany, for example, Germans historically existed in small states and had little connection to each other. As such, the most suitable factor under which to unite the people was language and race. Whoever spoke German and was ethnically German, and was considered to be a citizen of Germany. The French had already united under one powerful state, which contained many non-ethnically French groups; therefore, the French united the citizens of the nation through focusing on the people's collective history; i.e., having lived together iii in the past and their having possessed a desire to live together in the future. Japan, America, Switzerland, and all other nations were built out of different elements. The Ottoman Empire was among the states that attempted to create a nation that amalgamated its people under one identity. As an intellectual and statesman, Sati al-Husri devoted a great deal of his time to this discussion. Intellectuals of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the Ottoman Empire similarly devoted their time and effort to the creation of a nation. Language, race, religion, and history were among the elements that the intellectuals of the time focused on in their attempts to identify a mechanism by which the people of the Ottoman Empire could be united. Contrary to his later Arabist ideas, Sati al-Husri did not prioritize language and race as factors that could unite people because the Ottoman Empire was not formed of people of a single language and race. Therefore, he suggested that a nation be created should focus on a general identity that could readily unify all the races, religions, and languages of the Empire. Indeed, this general identity was not originally his conception. The idea emerged at a time when three identities were in conflict with each other: Ottomanism, which was a broad identity that was not languageor religion- specific; Islamism, which prioritized Islamic ideas; and an ethnic-based identity—for the Turkish this was Turkification; for other groups, this was independence from the Ottoman Empire. Sati al-Husri considered languages and religions to represent significant factors within the development of a national identity; however, he did not support the view that nation-building initiatives should focus purely on these elements. Without neglecting the importance of religion, Sati al-Husri regarded the history of the Ottoman Empire to be a significant element that could unify the people. He suggested that Ottoman subjects shared many similarities. First of all, the majority of the people of the Ottoman Empire was Muslim, and no one group exerted any power iv or authority over another group in Islam. Even though there were many non-Muslim minorities in the Empire, they were considered to be a part of that realm. Moreover, he rejected the idea that the despotism of one sultan (Abdulhamid II- reign 1876-1909) represented despotism of all Turkish groups. Rather, he suggested that the Turks themselves were the victims of the sultan. Moreover, Sati al-Husri believed that all Ottoman subjects had something else in common that could unify them:“Oriental Sprit.”Regardless of their different religions and languages, all Ottoman groups shared common feelings and customs and possessed very similar proverbs, folk tales, and traditions. Sati al-Husri did not subscribe the notion that there were no historical elements that could readily unify the Ottoman subjects under one identity. He argued that the Ottoman Empire's new identity should be based on one general and unique concept that included all races, religions, and languages without any discrimination. Sati al-Husri also believed that Islam played a fundamental role in binding the people of the Ottoman Empire together. Furthermore, he also argued that history was another significant element that needed to be taken into consideration in the creation of the Ottoman nation. He believed that Ottoman subjects shared the same sadness and happiness in the past. Also, geographically, all Ottoman subjects exhibited“Oriental sprit,”which helped them to understand each other better since they shared many similar customs.
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