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Tasarım ve üretim yönüyle keçeler

Designing and producing of felts

  1. Tez No: 74654
  2. Yazar: ÜLKÜ AKÇA (TOKATLI)
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. ŞAHİN YAĞAN
  4. Tez Türü: Sanatta Yeterlik
  5. Konular: El Sanatları, Crafts
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1998
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Geleneksel Türk El Sanatları Ana Sanat Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Halı-Kilim Eski Kumaş Desenleri Sanat Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 111

Özet

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Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY It is assumed that human beings have known to make felt before he learned to make threads from fibers. The underlying reason of this assumption is that felt is a textile product produced directly from fiber using the property of felting of it. Unlike the other methods of textile such as weaving and knitting, production of felt is thought to have been known before the discovery of the processes involved spinning, twisting and knitting etc. And the technology to apply these processes. For the time being, the origin of felt production seems to be buried in the remnants of history. Neve rtheless, the felt-which can be considered as the first textile production-has still been produced both manual ly and technologically. Felt has widely been used in many areas today as in the past. However, with the change in living conditions, requirements and the technolo gy replying them have also undergone some changes. So, have felts and the way of producing them. Those felts produced in the primitive conditions of the past and used in various areas of utility carrying the cultural traces of the peri od have been replaced with the mass products of the advanced technology. Despite the similarities between the felt of today and the past in terms of struc ture, the felt produced by the methods of the past should be studied under a different category. This, also, comprises the topic examined in this study. Therefore, in the chapters of definitions and technology, naming is particular ly emphasized. We encounter with the early samples of felt among the archeologial excavations. Information is available in the reports of the excavations includ ing researches on cultural history and photographs of the findings. The dis covery of some part of the findings in Central Asia-where we share a cultural link-has also contributed to the tracing of the historical development. During the period of Seljuk Empire established in Anatolia by Turks, the Mevlevi(members of the order of dervishes founded by Mevlana Jalaladdin Rumi- called also the“whirling dervishes”) had been wearing conoidal felt hats in the capital city, Konya. The fact directs us to think that felt had been produced in Konya, at that period. With the help of the documents in Ottoman State archives kept by Republic of Turkey, we have been informed that the work of felt had had an important place among the trade organization during Ottoman period. The important results of these historical researches will be mentioned under the subtitles in the Chapter of History. As mentioned above, the production of felt today includes both tradi tional methods and ways of advanced technology targeting different utilization. Thus, felts should be classified in terms of production. In Chapter II, felts have been classified and the methods of production have been examined under this classification. Production of felt by traditional methods has still effect in various parts of Anatolia. It is essential to find them out to be documented before they get lost forever. Thus, the production and designation methods are examined in Manisa and Afyon where had been the centres of felt in the past and further more where felt has still been produced by traditional methods and perspec tives. The consequences of this examination and of scanning the written doc umentaries are the topic of Chapter III, where the trampled (under foot) - beat en felt produced by traditional methods have been studied. Felts have a plas tic, flat (like sheet) structure which can be formed into various shapes accord ing to the usage aimed at. Whereas the flat types are emphasized in the study, the plastic types will also be mentioned since it is related to the topic under study. The methods of felt designation diversify widely between the past and the present. Therefore, the methods of felt designation are studied under two main head ings and each method is demonstrated within several diagrams and pho tographs. As to be mentioned in the related chapter, the motifs and arrangements on the designed felts named as“variegated felt”,“moled felt”,“embroided felt”have been bearing the cultural traces of the past. Thus, the characteristics of motifs and compositions used on the designed felts are studied and exempli fied in Chapter IV. It is tnown that felt had been used in various parts of life in past. In Chapter V, trampled felt and the areas it had been used in have been studied.As for Chapter VI, the samples of felt produced by present day's sense of art have been pointed out. These samples have been gathered under two headings: the former consists of the some of the studies of Sefer Öztürk and Philip O'Reilly. The latter points to the experiments done in this study and to the results that have been demonstrated by photographs. The data obtained after the researches and studies heretofore, demonstrates the historical depth of felt and the importance of it among the textile arts. Both finding out and documenting the production of the felt before they get lost and clarification of the designation methods may be of great help and inspiration for the future researchers and artists.

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