Uzay kafes sistem ve örtü elemanları
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75223
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. BİLGE IŞIK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Yapı Bilgisi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 151
Özet
ÖZET Dünya nüfusu ile beraber yerleşme bölgelerinin nüfusu artmakta, sosyal, kültürel, eğlenme ve dinlenme etkinlikleri için daha büyük kapalı alan ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Bu yapıların nitelikli ve ekonomik olarak çözümü uygun taşıyıcı sistemin ve örtü türlerinin seçimine bağlıdır. Uzay kafes taşıyıcılar bu aşamada nitelikli bir çözüm olarak sunulmuş ve örtü türleri ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Çalışma bu amaca yönelik olarak beş bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölümde, çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı ve yönteminin konu edildiği giriş bölümü yer almaktadır. Uzay kafes sistemin, geleneksel sistemlere göre büyük açıklıkları geçmedeki başarısı ve genel taşıyıcı içindeki özellikli yerini ortaya koymak, uzay kafes sistemlerine uygun örtü türlerinin incelenmesi ve bu konuda teknolojinin sağladığı yöntemlerle en iyi çözümlere ulaşmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamı, önce büyük açıklıklann geçilmesinde kullanılan taşıyıcı sistemlerden kısaca bahsedip, uzay kafes sistemin öncelikli yeri ve özellikleri açıklanmış, sonra çatı örtülerinin malzemelerine göre sınıflandırması, karşılaştığı dış etkenler ve bu etkenlere karşı davranışlan ve çatı örtülerinin uygulama prensipleri ve detayları sunulmuştur. İzlenen yöntem, çalışmaya esas olan literatürlerin taranması, piyasa araştırması ve uzay kafes ve örtü türleri malzeme özelliği ve detaylara dayanarak kullanım prensiplerinin açıklanması şeklindedir. İkinci bölümde, büyük açıklıkları geçmede kullanılan taşıyıcı sistemlerden kısaca bahsedilip, prefabrike çelik uzay kafes sistemin fonksiyonel ve mimariye katkıda bulunacak şekilde doğru bir tarzda projelendirilip kullanımı açısından değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, çatı örtü sistemlerinin karşılaştığı dış etkenler, örtülerin malzemelerine göre sınıflandırılması ve dış etkenler karşısındaki davranışlanndan bahsedilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde uzay kafes çatı örtülerinin birleşim detaylan verilmiş ve örtü malzemelerinin fonksiyonlannı yerine getirebilmesi için gerekli şartlardan bahsedilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde araştırmanın bu bölümüne kadar olan bölümlerden ortaya çıkan sonuç verilmiştir. Yapı mimarı ve mühendisi uzay kafes taşıyıcı sistemi ile örtüleri arasında yapı fiziksel olaylardan kaynaklanan zararlı etkileri tanımlayabilmeli, konstrüktif detaylan oluşturabilmen ve bunları hatasız uygulayabilmedir. xiv
Özet (Çeviri)
SPACE FRAME SYSTEMS AND COVERAGE COMPONENTS As the world population increases inconnection with the increased number of settlement areas. There is a need for bigger enclosed spaces for the social, cultural and entertainment activities to construct qualified and economical buildings depends on the proper selection of bearing system. Compansating the spacing is very related to the capability of the construction materials. With the different materials and construction technics, the similar structures can be obtained and the spacings can be compansated. But this is a limited solution. Every material does not provide proper structure and not allow to compansate the proper spacing. Nowadays we need a technology, which is different than the traditional one, in order to compansate the big spacings. Throughout the history, each new construction culture struggled to compansate the big spacings with the easier structure system. The incapability of traditional bearing systems in compansating the big spacings has led the architects into creativ researchs for overcoming our century's needs. To overlap the buildings, which needs the big spacings, such as enclosed sports centres, swimming centres, shopping centres, hotel lobbies, artriums, aircraft hangars, tennis courts, petrol stations, factories, show centres, conference rooms, stadiums etc. The different construction technologies like the bended slaps, shell, suspended systems, inflating system, plane frame and space frame and so on can be set. The space frame system consisting of three dimension rigid pipe and orb and used as a prefabricated steel construction to compansate the wide spacings is presented at this stage as a qualified solution. The buildings for their project and site need to be protected from outside effects as in line with the rules of construction physics. For this reason, the selection of sarking system and it's details for best performance is investigated. XVThis thesis which is developed for above object consists of 5 chapters. In the first chapter, the object of this thesis, it's contents and procedures are dealt with. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the specific place of space frame system in the general bearing with respect to utilization, to examime the coverage types suitable for space frame systems and most recent methots and materials provided by the tecnology for this issue, and to inform the designers and applicators who are willing to use that system. Within this work, bearing systems used for passing over large clearances are mentioned briefly and privileged place, description, purpose, principles of formation, components, principles of calculation and physical characteristics of space frame system are explained and then classification of such roof covers according to their materials, the outer impacts they face with, their attitudes towards such impacts and details and application principles of cover components are given. The method used, covers scanning of the literature which constitutes the base of the work, market research and explanation of principles of use based on the material characteristics and details of space frame and coverage systems. The second chapter deals shortly with the constructions used to compansate the big spacings. The right projection and usuage of prefabricated steel space frame's functional and architectural contribution is investigated. The space frame systems which are developed with the latest technics, can be set even with unqualified workers within a very short time. The system is made up on the ground and assembled into it's place by hanging up with the different ways. Even the assemblage can be done at it's place. As the system consists of prefabricated pieces, it could be disassembled and converted into a new usuage. For this reason, the expense of mould and build-up can be overcome and the fast completion of building provides economical advantage. The three dimensions system provides highly efficient sarking of places with the biggest economy. The lightness of the system positively affect the phycology of those who live inside these places. The space frame structures also provides highly wide shapes. As the plane surface and their coatings can be developed, the cupola and vault shapes can also be set. XVIFrom the static point, these systems are lighter than many other brearing systems. The lightness of fixed weights is realised not only on the roof but also on the lower system and bases. The cost therefore can be decreased accordingly. But the panel point component where each bundle of chord is assembled is an important factor which increases the cost. The third chapter deals with the outside factors affecting the sarking system which is used for sarking of space frame systems, the classification of sarkings by materials and it's effects with the outside factors. The peculiarities needed in roof sarkings can be named as resistant to outside weather factors, light-tightness, refraction, isolation, lightness, elasticity, the selection of colour in accord with building, easy decoration and embroidery. The buildings are exposed to different outside effects, therefore neccessary precautions should be taken into account from the economical and constructional terms at the project and application stage. We can rank these outside factors as follows: - Heat effect - Sound - Water and humudity effect - Fire effect - Charge effect - Horizental charge effect - Vertical charge effect The Classification Of Space Frame Sarking By Materials 1. PLASTIC 1.1 PVCbase 1.2 Policarbonat 1.3 Acrylic 1.4 Architectural textile 1.5 CTP 2. METAL 2.1 Aluminium 2.2 Steel 2.3 Zinc 2.4 Lead 2.5 Copper xvu3. GLASS 3.1 Sheet glass 3.2 Safety glass 4. ARCHITECTURAL TEXTILE 5. BITUMINEOUS BASED ROOF SARKING SYSTEMS Every construction is always under effect of outside factors. That makes a certain effect with different construction and determine it's volume, shape, movement capability and it's tension at stationary construction. In the fourth chapter, the component details of sarking by materials is investigated. The buildings are exposed to certain physical effects. The reasons of these effects, compansating their damage at proper and economical way, selection of proper and constructive materials for architectural purposes should all be taken into account. For this purpose, the construction architect and engineer should be able to make good these physical effect and to from constructive details in order to minimize the negative effect of these factors. The roof is the most exposed to outside effects of a building. The rain, snow, hail, heat difference between day and night, u.v. radiation, freeze, wind charge, pedestrians or vehicle traffic etc affects the roof. The water steam which is being inside the volume and continuously moving upwards is also another factor affecting the roof. For this reason, the selection of sarking system and best solution of it's details are investigated. The insufficient knowledge on construction physical events and wrong applications can cause damages in the amount of milions T.L. The fifth chapter deals with the results and advices come out up until this chapter. There should be a proper investigation for constructions at the project stage, the proper material and system should be selected and the problems should be overcome beforehand with the right detailed solution. XVUlBuiding architect and engineer should define the detrimental effects of physical events on the space frame bearing system and covers and be able to form and apply the constructive details. XIX
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