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Uzay kafes sistemler ve bir uygulama örneği

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 55793
  2. Yazar: AHMET G. ÇETİN
  3. Danışmanlar: Y.DOÇ.DR. ERDAL COŞKUN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1996
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 91

Özet

ÖZET UZAY KAFES SİSTEMLERİ VE BİR UYGULAMA ÖRNE?İ Uzay Kafes Sistemler son yıllarda ülkemizde oldukça yaygınlaşmış bulun¬ maktadır. Büyük açıklıkların geçilmesinde en çok kullanılan sistem haline gel¬ miştir. Bu tezde çok yaygın olarak kullanılan, ancak hakkında az sayıda literatü¬ rün bulunduğu bu sistemleri anlatmak ve bir uygulama örneği vermek amaç¬ lanmıştır. Önce çelik malzemesi hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve Uzay Kafes Sistemlerin ta¬ rihçesi anlatılmıştır. Bu sistemler doğrultularına göre sınıflandırılmışlardır. Sonra üç boyutlu geometrik cisimlerin uzayda hangi şekillerde bir araya gele¬ rek Uzay Kafes Sistem modülleri oluşturabileceği gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra Uzay Kafes Sistemlerin standart olarak kullanılan detaylarına yer verilmiştir. Örnekler bölümünde ise mimari estetik kaygısı taşımayan örnekler yerine, dünyada uygulanmış, seçkin örnekler tanıtılmıştır. Türkiye'de Uzay Kafes Sistemleri, sadece büyük açıklıkları geçmekte kulla¬ nılan bir araç olmaktan çıkarıp, mimari ile bütünleşebilen ve orjinal formların oluşturulacağı bir sistem haline gelmesi için çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini vurguluyoruz Çünkü bu sistem mimara her yönden bir çok avantajlar sunabil¬ mektedir. Amacımız önce bu sistemleri, hesap yöntemlerine girmeden mimari olarak anlatmak ve dünyadaki örnekleriyle yanşabîlen uygulamalar için bir kaynak oluşturmaktır. Son bölümde ise Uzay Kafes Sistemin taşıyıcı örtü elemanı olarak kullanıl¬ dığı bir cami örneğine yer verilmiştir. Buradaki amaç ise Uzay Kafes Sistemin olanaklarından yararlanarak, büyük açıklıklı mekan gerektiren cami örneğinde klasik mimari anlayış yerine, çok değişik ve modern örneklerin yapılabileceğini vurgulamaktır.

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY Steel Space Structure and An Example Steel Constructions Usage of steel materials in engineering constructions have begun 200 years ago. With the begging of productions in blast furnaces appeared possibility of this material's wide usage Usage of rolling steel begun in 1784 year at the and of 19. century, by cleaning of raw rough iron, rolling steel have been produced. in this Way, technic of modern steel constructions appeared and progress in this fîeld occurred. Steel material's and it's production Steel alloy refined in mechanical way is iron. Steel is composed of iron (Fe) and about 0,016-0,20 of carbon. History of Steel Space Structure This system is giving a possibility of using a wide spaces. The development of these systems is parallel to prefabrication and steel constructions. Hardness of unification of bars in joint point and statical calculations are preventing a wide usage of these systems. Statical analysis of Steel Space Structure have been made by August Fable. After 2. World War, Buckminister Fuller and Konrad epplied it various ways. Z.K. Makowski developed methods with using of calculator. Besides, production of profyles in technology and in material's opened the way to increase of these practices. Steel Space Structure A space stucture may be defined as a three dimensional assenıbly of elements resisting loads which can be applied at any point, inclined at any angle to the surface of the Structure and acting in any direction.Space structures are divided into three main types: Skeleton (braced) framework Stressed-skin system, and Suspended (cable ör membrane) structures Architects often turn their attention to space structures because of the need for visual beauty. in their search for new forms and shapes, architects have begun to appreciate that space structures provide exceptional freedom in design. The emphasis which is now being placed on industrialised building construction shows that many types of space frames can be built up economically from simply prefabricated units, in most cases of standard size and shape. Such units mass produced in the factory can be easily and rapidly the small size of the units simplifies greatly the problems of handling and transportation. About a century ago civil engineers began to appreciate the fact that space structures require less material than ordinary two- dimensiona structures and that, if properly designed, can be highl economical in cost. The advantages and The disadvantages When considering the type of framework to adopt for a particular structure, it should be borne in mind that there is no öne kind of structure ör method of construction suitable for ali purposes. in most structures, the principle elements are desinged on the assumptionthat the main members span in öne direction only and carry the whole load with secondary spans normally placed at right angles in of deepheavy units and light shallow units and, because of this, the overall roof depth is greater than is required for a space structure in which the members span in two directins ör more. Whereas the simple structure, which is basically in two-dimensional and generally of special design fulfills only öne specific purpose, it is possibîe with space structures to provide a variety of arrangements using only two essential parts, the single structural member and a standardised type of joint. in certain circumstanses their use may be advantageous.The advantages of space structures incinde: *Simplicity of the elements *High fabricating speeds attainable by virtue of the large numbers of simple standard elements required. *Minimum use of material and corresponding lightness. *Low cost and ease of delivery *Flexibility of assembly arrangement from a given number of standard elements *Pleasing appearance. *Ease of access to site because the sizes of the components can be small *Increased structural rigidity for a given span/depth ratio. *Reduction in the number of intermediate columns. *Design which can be standardised. The disadvantages can be: *Simplicity... The very simplicity listed above as an advantages can, in itself, be restrictive in some forms of structures; for example, it leads to the necessity of making many more site joints than is usual for a simple structuere which spans in a single direction. *Cost of joints... in the sense the cost of the joints relative to the cost of metarials between the joints is invariably much higher than the plane structures. *The cost and the speed of erection... if the structure can not be completely assembled at ground level and lifted in either in öne piece ör in large units into its final position, since centering is generally necessary for the assembly of small elements in their final position. *The application of suitable camber ör of presetting the prefabricated framework to ensure good drainage... this manufacture than with a simple structure.In order to utilise the the advantages and overcome the disadvantages, some forms of space structure can be prefabricated competitively in units larger than the simple section and joint. The use of tubular steel in large structures has increased in recent years and both welded and mechanical joints have been developed. Steel Space Structure arrangement Basically, Steel Space Structure's are made of 6 bar and 4 joint points and are fourfaces. For the creation of pressure and attraction forces from bars in the frame of space is necessary to provide these conditions: 1. Joint point is to be jointed 2. Bar's axis in joint point is to be crossed in just a one point. 3. Just in joint point's hardness is to be effective. 4. Bars are to be strength and upright. Bars have been made in 3 different forms. 4.1. Arrangement with two directions. - Rectangle arrangement - Angled arrangement - Closed arrangement 4.2. Arrangement with 3 directions - Plane triangle arrangement - Reverse triangle arrangement 4.3. Arrangement with 4 directions 4.4. Arrangement with 6 directions XIII- Simple arrangement - Double hexagonal arrangement Geometrical object that have been used information of Steel Space Structure are as follows: Tetraeder, half oktaeder, cube oktaeder and cube. These elements can not be packed. They can be brought together only with each other. Like elements of covering, we can say follows: Absent concrete plates, aluminium coverings, polycarbonat and polyester coverings. At the last part of thesis at the example of an mosque this sistem have been designed. Steel Space Structure like triangle and space is in way of rectangle. At last, this thesis is giving informations about Steel Space Structure and according to these project have been designed. XIV

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