Aktif hazne hacmi hesap metodları ve Bozkır ile Sultansuyu barajlarında uygulamaları
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75239
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. NECATİ AĞIRALİOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 129
Özet
Su kaynaklarını geliştirme çalışmalarında biriktirme hazneleri önemli bir yer tutar. Bu çalışmada biriktirme haznelerinin aktif kapasitelerim hesaplama metotları üzerinde durulmuş, bu kapasiteyi etkileyen faktörler çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Uygulama çalışmasında iki baraj seçilmiş ve anlatılan metotlarla kapasitelerinin yeterliliği test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde biriktirme hazneleri hakkında kısa tarihi bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmanın amacı belirtilmiştir. İkinci bölümde biriktirme hazneleriyle ilgili ayrıntılı bilgi aktarılmış, hazneler çeşitli maksatlara göre sınıflandırıldığı gibi hazneyi oluşturan kısımlara da değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde aktif hazne kapasitesi bulunmasında kullanılan yöntemler ayrıntılarıyla tanıtılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde bu konuda daha önce yapılmış bilimsel çalışmalar ve bunlardan çıkan sonuçlar incelenmiştir. Beşinci bölüm, uygulama çalışmalarına ayrılmış, üçüncü bölümde anlatılan yöntemlerin uygulanabilir olanları seçilmiş, uygulanamayan yöntemlerin sebepleri üzerinde durulmuş, kapasiteleri hesaplanacak olan Bozkır ve Sultansuyu barajları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde hesaplamalar ve karşılaştırmalar yapılıp, seçilen barajların aktif kapasiteleri tayin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son bölümde ise sonuçlar değişik yaklaşımlarla değerlendirilerek optimum çözümler hakkında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Özet (Çeviri)
In the study of developing water resources, storage reservoir is very important. Reservoirs are usually constructed for the purpose of flood control or water conservation. A crucial planning step is determining the capacity of the reservoir. Several estimation methods exist. In the past, reservoir sizing was based on the use of mass curve analysis (Rippl diagram). It is the basis of the less burdensome sequent- peak procedure (Thomas and Burden 1963), which has only recently been modified to include storage-dependent losses and reliability less than maximum (Lele 1987). Another modern approach is the use of the continuity equation and the incorporation of storage-dependent losses in a linear programming formulation. Reservoir capacity-yield procedures can be classified theoretically into three main groups although the distinction between groups is not always clear-cut. The first group (critical period techniques) includes methods in which a sequence (or sequences) of flows for which demand exceeds inflows is used to determine the storage size. The methods based on Moran's Dam Theory or similar procedure are included in the second group, an important part of which is the subsection of probability matrix methods. The third group consists of those procedures which are based on generated data. Shortly, critical period methods are those in which the required reservoir capacity is equated to the difference between the water released from an initially full reservoir and the inflows, for periods low flow. For some of these procedures, the storage is calculated from the severest drought sequence in the historical streamflow record. Other critical period techniques allow for computation of storage estimates for a chosen realistic level of reliability. The second group of procedures (Probability Matrix Methods) is considered to be a development of Moran's Theory of Storage (1954, 1955, 1959). In this work Moran derived an integral equation relating inflow to reservoir capacity and releases, such that the probable state of the reservoir contents at any time could be defined. To solve this equation, Moran considered time and flow to be discontinuous variables and showed how reservoir capacity, release and inflow could be related to each other by system of simultaneous equations. Subsequently, Gould (1961) modified Moran's approach to a general procedure of direct practical use to the water engineer. Although procedures for estimating reservoir capacity-yield relationships using streamflow data generated by stochastic methods were first used more than sixty years ago, it was not until the advent of high-speed digital computers in the 1960's that such procedures became established in engineering hydrology. Stochastic data generation is the basis of the third group of storage -yield procedures.In this study, active capacity calculating methods of storage reservoir are researched and the factors that effect the reservoir capacity are investigated. In practical work two dams selected (Bozkır and sultansuyu dams). Firstly, required data are provided for these two dams. The capacities of Bozkır and Sultansuyu dams are calculated by using several methods and adequacy of capacities are tested. The results are compared by each other. In the first section of this work, a short historical information about reservoir capacity is given. Also the aim of the study is explained. In the second section, detailed information about storage reservoir is given. Reservoirs are classified according to their aim. Also all parts of reservoir are explained. In the third section, the methods that are used about active capacity calculating of storage reservoir are shown in details. These methods as follows: A-Ampirical Methods 1 -Critical Period 2-Rippl Diagram 3-Minimum Inflow Approach 4-N year Inflow Frequency Distribution 5-Sequent-Peak Algorithm 6-Monthly inflow Frequency Distribution 7- Yield Procedure B- Analytical Methods 1 -Range Analyzing 2-Deficit Analyzing 3-Stochastic Reservoir Theory C-Simulation Method In the fourth section, with their results the scientific studies which were done before about this subject are examined. This scientific studies as follows: 1-A Generalized Model of The Required Storage Capacity, (Hrealja,H.,Isailovic,D., 1990) 2- Reservoir Storage Capacity with Gamma Inflows, (Phıen, H.N.,1993) 3- Reservoir System Simulation and Optimization Models, (Wurbs, R.A., 1993) 4- Generalized Probability Distribution of Reservoir Capacity, (Bayazıt, M., Bulu, A., 1991) 5- Ideal Reservoir Capacity as a Function of Yield and Risk, (Bayazıt, M., 1982)6- A Simulation Optimization Algoritm for Reservoir Capacity Calculation / The effect of InFlow Data Set Length, (Barlıshen, K.D., Sımonovıç, S.P., Burn, D.H., 1989) In the fifth section, practical studies are done. The usable methods that were mentioned in section three are chosen and unusable methods are explained why to be unsuitable. Required information is given about Bozkır and Sultansuyu dams, whose capacities will be calculated. Also, in this part, using operation study method, storage reservoir capacities for two dams that were calculated by D.S.İ are given. In the sixth section calculation and comparision are done and the active reservoir capacities are tried to be determined about selected dams according to usable methods (Sequent-Peak Algorithm, Minimum Inflow Approach, N year inflow Frequency Distribution Method, Range Analyzing and Deficit Analyzing). The results that were determined from this section are compared with each other and the ones that D.S.Î found. (D.S.İ: The government foundation that planned and constructed these two dams) The results that were determined from initial data as follows: The results that were determined from expending data as follows: For Bozkır dam;Methods Sequent-Peak Algorithm I Sequent-Peak Algorithm II Minimum Inflow Approach N year inflow Frequency Distribution Range Analyzing Deficit Analyzing Given results at the end of sixth part show that calculated reservoir capacities using initial data larger than found results by D.S.Î for these two dams. According to these calculations, regulation period is %50 and risk level is %10 for Sultansuyu dam, regulation period is %75 and risk level is %5 for Bozkır dam. Using expending data, reservoir capacity did not change for Bozkır dam, but the Sultansuyu dam inflow characteristic changed too much. That's why reservoir capacity increased by %70. In the last section, results are considered with different comparisons and some suggestions are given about optimum conclusion. Since a large number of calculating methods are used, additional information are provided to overestimade and underestimade for reservoir capacity. All these methods are easily usable in practice. The number of required data for these procedures are approximately same. Other important point according to this study, the results are affected by the length of the inflow record and the reliabilities chosen. The original, historical flow sequence is usually very short. Generating synthetic flows allows the extension of the sequence length. In so doing, the sequence should now contain more bad combinations of wet or dry periods. Thus, both the historical data and the inherent variability of streamflows can be reflected. By generating various sets of inflow data as input to the reservoir sizing model, a range of reservoir capacities can be found, as opposed to relying only on the capacity needed for the historical sequence. The reservoircapacities can then be ranked and analyzed with the frequency method. The results will be a frequency curve indicating the probability of meeting the demand pattern for a given storage capacity. Unlike most mass curve approaches, the stochastic generation process allows the project engineer to choose a desired probability level. For example, he might choose the capacity which has a %10 change of running dry. The problem remains, though, that synthetic streamflow sequence are derived from relatively short lengths of historical inflow data. The process is not able to create any new flow information. This raised questions about the adequacy of these sequences in predicting future flows. It is evident that the historical record length affects the reservoir storage procedure. An important consideration is the inclusion of critical periods. To produced good results, dry conditions must be properly modelled and a longer historical sequence is an asset. Otherwise, an unwanted large overestimation of capacity may occur. The technique involved a synthetic generation procedure capable of extending flow sequence length. This allowed for more combinations of wet and dry periods. The effect of this factor can be felt to only a certain degree, as the historical statistics had to be preserved. A longer flow sequence is preferred in any water resources study, as it would contain more information and therefore the engineer could be more confident about the results of any analysis. As well, there would be an increased change of including key critical periods. It was found that relying on short historical records can lead to substantial overestimations or underestimations of capacity. Producing a lot of data, i.e., generating many longer sequences, can not overcome this fact. Calculating active capacity, the length of the inflow record provided important information for estimating of future inflow. If capacity was determined inadequately, the reservoir operation study must be changed according to final capacity. Cost analyzing is last step in determining reservoir capacity. At the end of project, finding different capacities for different risk level and regulation period are compared according to frequency and cost analyzing.
Benzer Tezler
- Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyetin'de Merkez Bankacılığı ve parasal sorunlar
Başlık çevirisi yok
HAKKI EMRE
- XVIII. ve XIX. yüzyıl İstanbul kütüphanelerinin mimarisi
Başlık çevirisi yok
AYŞE YETİŞKİN KUBİLAY
Doktora
Türkçe
1998
Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimiİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiSanat Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. AFİFE BATUR
- Barajların aktif hazne hacmi bulunmasında su ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ve Bursa barajlarında uygulanması
The Determination of water required to find active volume of reservoir of dams and its application in Bursa dams
MEHMET TÖZÜN BİNGÖL
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2003
İnşaat MühendisliğiAnadolu Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
YRD. DOÇ. DR. RECEP BAKIŞ
- Türkiye'nin su politikası ve barajlar: Haznelerin tasarımında risk esaslı yöntemlerin kullanımı
Hydropolitics of Turkey and dams: The use of risk-based methods in design of reservoirs
EMRAH SEVİNÇ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2013
İnşaat MühendisliğiDokuz Eylül Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. SEVİNÇ ÖZKUL
- Akarsu askı maddesi debilerinin zaman serileriyle modellenmesi ve hazne ölü hacim tahmini
Time series modelling of suspended sediment discharges and dead volume estimation
TANJU AKAR