Türkiye'de bankacılık sektöründe bilişim teknolojisinin kullanımı
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75336
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. SITKI GÖZLÜ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mühendislik Bilimleri, İşletme, Engineering Sciences, Business Administration
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Matematik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 170
Özet
ÖZET Sanayi Devriminin ortaya çıktığı 18. yüzyılın enerji çağı olarak adlandırılmasına benzer şekilde, içinde bulunduğumuz yüzyıl da bilgi çağı olarak adlandınlmaktadır. Bu yüzyılda bilişim teknolojilerindeki hızlı ve inanılmaz değişim, bilginin kullanımına da esneklik ve kolaylıklar getirmektedir. Türkiye'de bilişim teknolojilerindeki altyapı gelişimi, bilgiye daha kolay ulaşmamıza olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak, Türkiye'de bilişim teknolojilerindeki gelişim daha çok iletişim ve bilgisayarlaşma gibi donanımların gelişme göstermesiyle sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu nedenle yaygm bir veri iletişim ağından ve erişilebilen bilgi bankalarından söz edilememektedir. Türkiye'de bilişim teknolojisi yatırımları, bilgi yoğun çalışmayı gerektiren bankacılık sektöründe yoğunlaşmıştır. Bankaların, bilişim teknolojisine bu denli yoğun yatırım yapmaları, bu yatınmlarm bankacılıkta nasıl ve ne derecede etkin kullanıldığı araştırmanın konusu olmuştur. Çalışmada anket yolu ile araştırma benimsenmiş ve hazırlanan anketler Türkiye'deki 69 kamu ve özel bankalara yollanmıştır. Anket sonuçlan aşağıdaki gruplar altında toplanmıştır; 1. Bankaların Karakteristik Özellikleri 2. Bankacılık Sektöründe BT Kullanımı 3. Bankacılık Sektöründe Sistem Planlama 4. Bankaların BT Sayesinde Verdikleri Hizmetler 5. Bankacılıkta BT'nin Önemi 6. Bankaların BT Yatırımları ve BT'nin Etkin Kullanımı 7. Bankaların Son Bir Yılda Gerçekleştirdikleri BT Projeleri Anketler sonucu elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye'de bankaların hangi bilişim teknolojilerini kullandıkları, bu teknolojiler sayesinde hangi sistemleri geliştirdikleri ve hangi hizmetleri verdiklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Yoğun rekabet içindeki bankalara, BT'nin daha etkin kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı sorulmuş ve biri hariç anketi cevaplayanların tümü, BT'nin örgütlerinde daha etkin kullanılabileceğini belirtmişlerdir. Bankalar, ayakta kalabilmek ve rekabette öne geçmek için önümüzdeki yıllarda da BT'ne yoğun yatırımlar yapmaya devam edeceklerdir. XI
Özet (Çeviri)
BANKING SECTOR USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TURKEY SUMMARY The term information technology (IT) was coined in the late 1970' s to refer to the nexus of modern technology, including computing technology, together with major parts of consumer electronics and broadcasting. Although mankind processed information since primitive society, early technology such as the abacus and simple counting devices were too primitive and too slow to exert pervasive impact on the then society. The emergence of computing technology and microelectronics, coupled with advanced telecommunications, allows data and information to be rapidly processed and transmitted over a long distance. Although the computer use in Turkey began in the 1960's, the foundation of its transition to an information based economy was in the 1980's. A strategy for economic modernization predicted upon competitive open markets replaced policies of import substituting industrilazation that had been pursued in the 1960's and 1970's. Financial markets were liberalized, the capital account was opened up; and the government itroduced an attractive regime for direct foreign investments. Despite continued inflanationary pressure and stop-go fiscal policies, the economy responded positively to the policy reform. Growth accelerated to over %6 per annum; the private sector grew much faster than the public sector; manufactured exports increased from $1 billion in 1980 to over $10 billion by 1990,foreign direct investment grew ten fold and generally industry diversified into higher value added products and became better equipped to compete in OECD markets. Table 1 - Sectoral Distribution of Computer use in TurkeyFurther integration with the global economy together with competitive pressure, Turkey starts to make investments for incresead computerisation. The sectoral distribution of computers by end-user suggests a pattern that is very similar to that of other OECD countries. As elsewhere, computer use in Turkey is concentrated in finance and banking (approximately %33), public administration (%25) and manufacturing (%12) (Table 1). Table 2 - The Information Technology Investment of 10 Turkish Banks As it is seen in table 2, Turkish Banks makes large investments in information technology. From I960' s it is the time the finance sector in Turkey starts to use information technology to the end of 1995, banks invested 890 million dollars in information technology. And by the end of 1996 this investment in information technology was 1,152 billion dollars. Banks within a very competitve environment, deploy information technology as a strategic weapon and make investments. These big investments of banks leads the researcher to examine the utilisation and the effiecency of IT in banking sector. The research was conducted by mailing a questionnaire. The first step was to prepare an initial draft of the questionnaire. Then this draft was reviewed by IT professionals in Xllldifferent banks. After the initial draft was revised, they were sent to 69 different banks (61 private, 9 public) in Turkey with a note showing the purpose of this research. The results were taken from only 19 banks, 2 in public, 17 in private sector. From the 19 bank who responded the questionaire, 9 of them are small, 4 of them are medium and the rest is large scale banks. The questionnaire results are given in the following groups; 1. The Characteristics of Banks 2. IT Utilisation in Banking Sector 3. System Planning in Banking Sector 4. Technology Dependend Services of Banks 5. The Importance of IT in Banking Sector 6. The Investments of Banks in IT and Efficient Use of IT 7. Recently Developped IT Projects of Banks When we look at the IT infrastructure of banks, we saw the dominance of network computers and mainframes. Although it's seen a transition towards client/ server architecture, system downsizing and the personnel computers (PC), the banks are not leaving their main structures. But they use many client/server an distributive architecture structures with their mainframes (Figure 1). Figure 1 - The IT Infrastructure of Banks Only 4 of the 19 banks use only dummy terminals in their brunches but 3 of them are planning to use PC's. %29 of 14 banks who use PC's in their brunches are transforming XIVtheir dummy terminals with PC's, and %29 of the 14 banks are planning to use network computers (NC). When we look at the development of software in banks, it is seen that 2/3 of the banks are developing their own software. A few bank use software packages and some of them integrate these packages with their own structures. Although Case Tool utilisation in banks are not much, %42 of the banks who do not use Case Tool are willing to make investments in it. Data model utilisation is more common in banks (approximately 1/2) (Figure 2 ). 1 15 W\ 5- a ^=70 16 EF 12 IDbNbtUfe ?Utilise ÖM GseTool EBaMrfd Figure 2 - The Use of Case Tools and Data Models in Banks The idea of system planning in banks usually comes from top management and information systems department within the organization. Sometimes banks are unable to finish their project within the planned time. The main reasons of this are, 1. The lack of quality and quantity of personnel 2. The changes on previously plannned projects by time 3. The mistakes in planning 4. System and hardware restrictions 5. The problems that results from management change With the great change in the recent years in Turkish Banking sector, banks now increase their applications in order to increase their customers and to gain competitive advantage. The very recent progress of banks are in electronic banking applications (for example ATM and POS), Internet Banking and Call Center applications where customers are given services from the most confortable brunch, their homes. XVThe 58% of the banks find their IT investments (both hardware, software and communication) sufficient while 16% find all of these investments insufficient (Figure 3). İ 4 Sufficient Insufficient Figure 3 -The IT Investments of Banks in 97 All the banks who responded the questionaire will invest in hardware in '98, 89% will invest in software and 94% in communications. In spite of this all the banks except one is saying that IT can be used more efficiently in their banks. As a result regardless of the efficiency problems in banks, banking sector is the biggest utiliser of IT and will continue to use and invest. xvi
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