The structure-function relationships underlying drosophila larval chemotaxis
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 759815
- Danışmanlar: DR. MATTHİEU LOUİS
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Zooloji, Nöroloji, Zoology, Neurology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2016
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Pompeu Unıversıty Fabra (upf)
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Animals extract relevant information from their environment to locate favorable conditions and to avoid possible threats. Consequences of animal behavior bring about outcomes (i.e. adaptation, speciation, isolation and evolution) that are significant to the survival of the individuals as well as the species. From the simplest jellyfish to primates, nervous systems transform patterns of sensory stimuli into behavioral actions that allow animals to increase their chances of survival. A mechanistic understanding of behavior can be achieved by studying the computations that emerge from the structural organization of the nervous systems. The Drosophila larva is an excellent model organism to study the neural correlates of behavior. It possesses a tractable yet complex nervous system that is capable of integrating and transforming multimodal sensory stimuli into coherent navigational decisions. In the larva, activity of individual neurons –the building blocks of the nervous system– could be reliably monitored and manipulated thanks to the unmatched genetic tools available in Drosophila. Recent efforts to reconstruct the connectome of the whole larval nervous system enable circuit-level analysis of the neural mechanisms underlying the larval behavior. The larva exhibits robust navigation in the presence of volatile chemical cues (chemotaxis). Larval chemotaxis consists in alternations between different behavioral modes: runs, pauses and turns. Here, we performed two independent forward screens to identify neurons that are involved in action selection during Drosophila larval chemotaxis. vi In our first screen, we identified neurons that are involved in run-to-turn transitions. High-resolution behavioral analysis upon manipulation of activity in a subset of neurons in the subesophageal zone revealed that these neurons are necessary and sufficient to trigger reorientation maneuvers. Our findings suggest that the SEZ is a premotor center that mediates action selection based on integrated sensory stimuli. In the second screen, we combined functional analysis with electron microscopy reconstruction to identify a descending neuron (PDM) that is necessary and sufficient to trigger run-to-turn transitions. EM reconstruction revealed that PDM receives olfactory inputs in the lateral horn region and connects to premotor neurons involved in peristaltic wave propagation through a set of SEZ descending neurons. By combining optogenetic activation with high-resolution analysis of behavior, we showed that PDM is responsible for terminating runs by inhibiting peristaltic wave-generating circuits in the ventral nerve cord of the larva. We believe that the elementary structural and computational principles we revealed in the larva will be generalize to more complex nervous systems in the future.
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