Sanal gerçeklik ve mimari tasarımındaki rolü
Virtual reality and its role on architectural design
- Tez No: 83133
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. GÜLEN ÇAĞDAŞ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1999
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 93
Özet
ÖZET SANAL GERÇEKLİK VE MİMARİ TASARIMDAKİ ROLÜ Bu çalışmada bilgisayar destekli mimari tasarım ve daha gelişmiş üç boyutlu bir model ortamı olan sanal gerçeklik ve uygulamaları konusunda bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Geleceğin insan bilgisayar etkileşiminde çok önemli bir rol oynayan sanal gerçeklik kavramının tanımı yapılmış ve bu teknolojinin mimarlık ve diğer alanlardaki uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Birinci bölümde tezin konusu, amacı ve tezde izlenen yaklaşımlar açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde bilgisayar ortamında mimari tasarım ve sunumun tarihçesinden söz edilmiştir ve bilgisayar ortamında kullanılan mimari model türleri konusunda bilgi verilmiştir. Aynı bölümde tasanm programlarının ilkeleri anlatılmış ve siberuzay kavramı tanımlanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde sanal gerçeklik programlarının değişik sektörlerdeki kullanım alanlan incelenmiştir. Bu alanlar şöyle sıralanabilin eğitim, uzay araştırmaları, tıp, eğlence ve endüstri gibi. Bu bölümde sanal gerçeklik sistemlerin uygulamasında kullanılan araçlar ve donanımlarla, katılımlı ortamların özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sanal ortamlarda kullanılan görüntü ve ses özellikleri belirtilmiştir, özellikle mimarlık alanındaki uygulamalar göz önüne alınarak sanal gerçeklik programlarının mimara yükleyeceği yeni görevler değerlendirilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde bilgisayar ortamında geleneksel tasanm sistemi ile sanal gerçeklik sistemi arasında bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Sanal gerçeklik sisteminin diğer geleneksel sistemler yanındaki avantajları ve dezavantajları belirtilmiştir. Sanal gerçeklik sistemlerinin tasanmın değişik aşamalarında kullanımı incelenerek mimari tasanm stüdyosunda sanal gerçekliğin kullanımından örnekler verilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde mimari tasanmda sanal gerçeklik uygulamalanna ilişkin önerilerden söz edilmiştir. Mimari bürolarda, mimari tasanm stüdyosunda ve kullanım sonrası sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları tartışılmıştır. Altıncı bölümde sanal gerçeklik konusunda ülkemizdeki gelişim ve uygulama süreci incelenerek elde edilen sonuçlar irdelenmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY VIRTUAL REALITY AND ITS ROLE ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN In this work virtual reality and its applications are examined. In the first part, importance of computer aided design and virtual reality is explained. Virtual reality is probably to be one of the most important tools that will enable the communication between man and machinery in the future world. Virtual environment does not only involve ordinary computer views but it also involves individual or group interactive system. It is a virtual environment that supports the real-life effects. In the second part, history of architectural design is explained. In the process of historical development architectural model and other design tools are described. Development of these tools are defined. In this part the role of architect is also discussed. The traditional tools for designing are paper and pen. There has been some changes in traditional architectural designing and presentation with the development in the industrial area and the reflection of it to different sectors. The rapid developments in the computer technology makes architects more active and more effective in every phase of a designing process. Up to now, architectural designing was a process that included papers and pens. In the third part design assistants and virtual reality is explained widely. The important role of design assistants are discussed. Then virtual reality and its applications are stated. In the virtual environments sound and visual effects are explained. These applications are as follows Education Industry Space Medical science Entertainment Art And architecture Design assistants and interaction techniques are also stated in this part. Importance of design assistance is explained with examples. These developing agents will assist the architect remarkably and will make him take some time in deciding of more important designs. This happened while the architectural designing characters' solutions were effective. Virtual reality, one step further of perfect simulation, enables us to involve the virtual environment and to be effected. Designing agents can solve many problems which can not be solved in designing models. These agents can also develop the influence between man and computer; simulation and modelling; updating the complex relationships; realising the invisible phenomena and specialised systems. The major parts of the guide knowledge of the computer aided design agents are hidden from the users and these agents are produced in order to harden the influence. Such kinds of agents might confuse the difference between knowledge and information and it presents the users the right choice in a certain time. This causes an accelerated VIreaction time and a less load of system. Such kinds of problems are overcome by using virtual reality. Virtual reality gives a possibility of more effective presentation than traditional ones. Designing agents are also more practical as in the following example. While moving over a three-dimensional model, a walk-through agent prevents the crossing over of the objects and the walls. In the designing process of a building, a self-growing agent take cares of the safety of the building. In fact, the advantage of this approach is that each agent solves relatively simple problems. The new ways of living, working and thinking were difficult for the society. The developments in the virtual reality equipment began in 1981 when Thomas Zimmerman invented 'Data Glove'. This data glove is a significant part of today's virtual reality system. Later, lots of equipment and agents were developed to be involved in the virtual reality world. Military aimed projects played important roles in the forming of more complex virtual reality systems. A book.which was published in 1984, became a tool for some social comments, directed us right into the arms of changing realities, and became a reference book for artists, thinkers, scientists and writers. In the beginnings of 1990's virtual reality was seen as a toy more than a tool. But now, this tool enables the user to involve in the environment move and make changes and abstractions. Other equipment are used for more involvement and for more effect. They also enable walk-through and feedback in the virtual environment. The high resolution in this environment is an extra advantage. In the fourth part architectural applications are stated. Different examples are given In this part benefits of virtual reality to designer are explained with samples. Differences beetween CAD paradigm and VR are showed with tables. As the computers' strength grows higher the virtual reality is likely to be more real. This technology is about to enter in the worlds of physiologists, physiologists and other social scientists which are interested in human behaviours. It also is in an improvement in the area of education, industry and other sectors as well. This kind of architectural designing requires to head towards specialised and well defined systems in application. Virtual reality system performs better than CAAD system which faces some problems in certain subjects and has a low performance. General and parametric designing tools are not sufficient for virtual reality system. Some new and challenging functions are being improved. Far from a prototype and a shape grammar an interface has to be formed between the designer and the designing system. These metaphors' has the aim to form an interface between men, who work to adapt the paradigm of virtual realism, and machine. This subject has to be focused on and researchers have to be done to solve these kinds of problems. With the help of these improvements, the adaptation to virtual realism will continue. Virtual reality is a natural environment in forming prototypes and forms. In general, virtual reality enables the composition of hard modelling engineering knowledge and practice of it, and the heuristics of sensitive and artistic knowledge of the user. The aim of this change is to research the results of pedagogic usage of virtual reality as a tool in architectural designing studios for creativity, comprehension and recognition of a three-dimensional place. As a result, it is still a point of wonder if the new designing agents would form a new kind of virtual architecture focusing around virtual reality. High-graded agents are fed with choosing and embroidering duties. If this duty is succeeded, more complex vuagents are promised to get into the designing process. Some virtual buildings' agents are ornamented with amazing knowledge so that they can form a new virtual environment. Computer Aided Designing (CAD) system is now widespreadly used in architecture faculties and architecture bureau. CAD, which is used in many areas, is in a big improvement with the help of new agents and hardware, and now it is a part of the education. Educators and experts agree on the point that the computer has a big role in theory and practice in architect education. As the CAD system entered in the area and process of designing, a lace between the architects and users has occurred. Apart from this, as the users have involved in designing process, and as the agents and equipment which give the user bigger opportunities come up-to-date, solution of designing and creativity has increased. With the improvement in agents and equipment, artificial intelligence and expert systems have improved too. It significantly helps the architects' education about new technology and their activities about it. It is to be mentioned that virtual reality is a part of computer aided designing; and it helps the user in his activity in designing process. With the help of it, a new designing environment, which should be seen as the latest chain of CAD, can be formed for the students of architecture. There has been many researches about the positive and the negative parts of virtual reality; and the performance of it was measured in some certain architectural applications. Virtual reality agents is a system that was build over the effects of users visual, auditory and contact senses. Thus the studies are done in this direction. Virtual reality is an interface which will take the place of traditional CAAD tools. In architecture bureau and designing studios virtual environments are used for different aims. In the fifth part; suggestions are made on virtual reality applications on architectural design and design studio. The benefits of suggestions on design studio are discussed. In the last part; conclusions are made on virtual reality and future works are stated. Vlll
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