Legal critique of bioexploitation
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 906054
- Danışmanlar: DR. LİZ HEFFERNAN,
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Hukuk, Law
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2015
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Dublin City University (Ollscoil Chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath)
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Karşılaştırmalı Hukuk Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 69
Özet
The thesis levels its criticism at what lies within the political economy of the scientific and medical production. In pursuance of a socio-legal critique of clinical trials, the research discussed the exploitative nature of these medical experiments where participants were left defenceless by the legal framework to transnational companies' abusive practices fuelled by the desire of generating more profit. Conceptualising ethics pertaining the use of clinical trials in rhizomatic lines, the research goes on theorising the relationship of the politico-legal and the economic through a meshing of historical materialism with biopolitics. Such Marxian analysis of capital when combined with Foucaultian discussion of power cast light upon the class essence of laws governing the medical trials in a holistic manner. Exploring the structural exploitation in this manner, the research identifies the clinical trial participants as a labour force whose lives are reduced to a marketable value; it is, in fact, the final proposition of the research that the only avenue to debilitate the participants' exploitation can be achieved through their acknowledgement by the law as employees with contractual and statutory rights as such. Clinical trials have predominantly been under the influence of mainstream bioethics. A fresh outlook based upon critical theory, which the thesis seeks to provide, is necessary to reconsider the guidelines and legislations, most of which have been ratified and implemented after infamous experiments such as those by the Nazi regime and the scandalous Tuskegee Syphilis experiment in the United States, in coherence with the concepts of exploitation and biocapitalism. The thesis asserts that clinical trial participants cannot be protected by the available legal framework and mainstream bioethics for the current policies in the subaltern nations do not afford the same protection to as it is afforded in their affluent counterpart which is in fact why the transnational companies conduct most of their research in the peripheral with the assurance of impunity. Such legal immunity rests mostly on the neoliberal policies adopted by the polities in these countries for which science is a capitalist venture instead of a field to assist the human civilization in the societal betterment. Rose describes this as a shift from the politics of health to a politics of life where clinical trials are the“experimental machinery of biocapital,”thus rendering the peripheral an experimental site. To address this issue, law has to be domestically and internationally tailored accordingly to define clinical trial participants as workers, thus basing their protection on the foot of contractual obligations for the lack of such recognition results in the severe harm and exploitation of the clinical participants in the peripheral by the pharmaceutical and biotech industry. The thesis is divided into eight parts. The second chapter will provide a brief critique of clinical trials. The following chapter explores the principles of bioethics, from mainstream to critical. Chapter 4 offers the law surrounding the protection on human subject research. Chapter 5 details the clinical trial practices in the U.S. by mainly dissecting it through case law on Alien Tort Statute. Chapter 6 examines two examples of global clinical trials as well as providing exploitation theories with a view to defending a Marxist concept of exploitation. Chapter 7 analysis the relatively new concept of biocapitalism and bieconomy in relation to clinical trial participants. Finally Chapter 9 argues that the best avenue for clinical trial participant protection and to demand accountability from the pharmaceutical industry, the clinical trial participants should be categorised as workers.
Özet (Çeviri)
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