Geri Dön

Ahşap-cam kompozit cephe malzemesinin atmosferik koşullar altında performansının değerlendirilmesi

Performance evaluation of wood-glass composite facade material under atmospheric conditions

PDF İndir

  1. Tez No: 933268
  2. Yazar: BUSE İLİ
  3. Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. MEHMET SERKAN YATAĞAN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2025
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Çevre Kontrolü ve Yapı Teknoloji Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 105

Özet

Ahşap doğal, dayanıklı, kolay işlenebilen, estetik ve sürdürülebilir bir malzeme olması nedeniyle geçmişten günümüze yapı malzemesi olarak sıklıkla tercih edilmiştir. Cam ise saydamlığıyla günümüz mimarisinde tasarımlara yön veren bir malzemedir. Cam yüzeyler gün ışığını geçirerek binalarda yaşayan insanların sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etki yaratmaktadır. Görsel etkileşim, estetik görünüm, doğal aydınlatma gibi pek çok nedenle cephede kullanılan cam yüzeyler artırılmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir malzemeler kullanılarak hızlı ve düşük enerji sarfiyatı ile üretilen kompozit malzemelerin kullanımına yönelik çalışmalarda, ahşabın cam ile birleşiminden elde edilen kompozit malzemelerden optimum performansın elde edilmesine yönelik araştırmalar son zamanlarda önem kazanmıştır. Bu kapsamda gerçekleştirilmiş olan çalışmalarda, yük taşıyan ahşap-cam kompozit malzemenin potansiyeli, bağ özellikleri araştırılmakta ve kompozitin yük taşıma davranışı incelenmektedir. Malzemelerin kullanım süresi boyunca işlevlerini yerine getirmeleri beklenir. İklim koşullarına maruz kalan cephe malzemelerinde zaman içerisinde performans azalması gözlemlenebilir. Ahşap-cam kompozit cephe malzemelerinin yük taşıma kapasitesini etkileyen en önemli parametre ahşap çerçeve ile cam panel arasındaki bağlantı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle çevresel etkenlerin ahşap-cam kompozit cephe malzemesinin bağlantı performansı üzerindeki etkisini dikkate almak önemlidir. Bu tez çalışmasında farklı masif ahşap türleri ile oluşturulmuş ahşap-cam kompozit cephe malzemelerinin mukavemetlerini incelemek ve hızlandırılmış yaşlanma etkisi altındaki performanslarını gözlemlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda orta-sert ve sert ağaç türleri kullanılarak küçük ölçekli numuneler üzerinde deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde çam, kayın ve meşe olmak üzere üç farklı masif ahşap, silikon esaslı yapıştırıcı ve temperli cam kullanılmıştır. Ahşap-cam kompozit numunelerin hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma etkisi öncesi ve sonrası mekanik mukavemetleri kayma ve çekme (pull-off) deneyleri ile ölçülmüştür. Hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma deneyleri; donma-çözünme, ıslanma-kuruma, yüksek sıcaklığa maruz kalma, asitlere ve UV ışınlarına karşı dayanım deneylerini içermektedir. Deneyler, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Malzeme Laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler, WoodWisdom-Net Programı kapsamında yapılmış araştırma projesinde huş kontrplak kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş olan deney sonuçları ile karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiştir. Kayma deneyi sonuçları, ahşap-cam kompozit cephe malzemesinde masif meşe ahşap kullanımının huş kontrplağa kıyasla daha iyi performans sergilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca kullanılan masif ahşap türünün de yapışma mukavemeti üzerinde etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Özet (Çeviri)

Wood has been frequently preferred as a building material from past to present since it is a natural, durable, easily processable, aesthetic and sustainable material. Wood as a structural material has several advantages over other building materials such as steel and reinforced concrete. For example, its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it particularly advantageous for structures that require both durability and lightness. Wood is a natural material that can decompose over time. When it reaches the end of its life cycle, unlike many synthetic materials that can remain in the environment for much longer, it can break down into non-toxic components. Its production also has a lower carbon footprint compared to steel or concrete, making it more environmentally friendly. Additionally, the thermal expansion of wood is quite small compared to steel or concrete and also the thermal conductivity coefficient of wood is low. This can reduce energy needs for heating and cooling in buildings, making them more energy efficient. Wood is a combustible material but large sections of wood burn relatively slowly and uniformly due to the char layer that forms on the surface. Therefore, it takes time for wood to lose its load-bearing capacity. In addition to these positive properties of wood, it is susceptible to natural deterioration such as rot, fungus and insect damage in moist environments. Since wood is a natural material, it has properties such as water absorption, shrinkage and swelling depending on humidity and temperature differences. For this reason, the behavior of wood under environmental conditions should be carefully examined. On the other hand, glass is a material that shapes designs in today's architecture with its transparency. Modern architecture increasingly requires facade designs that allow the interior to visually integrate with the outdoor environment. This has increased the importance of glass as a material. Thanks to its transparency, glass not only enables visual interaction between indoor and outdoor spaces but also helps daylight penetrate the interior as a facade material. Glass surfaces allow daylight to pass through, creating a positive impact on the health of people living in buildings. The widespread use of glass in various fields has led to the development of its properties. One of these is glass that is heated at high temperatures and then rapidly cooled to become durable. When these glasses break, they shatter into small pieces, reducing the risk of injury. In this context, tempered and laminated glass are usually used, especially in architecture. Although glass has many advantages as a building material, it also has negative properties. Since glass does not exhibit plastic behavior, it breaks when critical stress is exceeded. Its brittleness and, most importantly, sudden fracture are characteristics that must always be considered when using glass as a building material, and it is important to compensate for this by taking appropriate structural precautions. The timber-glass composite element consists of three main structural components: a glass panel, a wooden frame, and a load-bearing adhesive that holds these two pieces together. Timber-glass composites aim to leverage the most advantageous properties of wood and glass while minimizing their weaknesses. Among the advantageous properties, glass offers transparency, rigidity, and durability, while wood demonstrates ductility under compression. By combining these materials with suitable structural adhesives, the primary disadvantage of glass, its brittleness, can be mitigated. The use of adhesives provides many advantages such as reducing the fragility of materials by avoiding drilling and ensuring ductility within the system integrity. Also, adhesive bonding can distribute the applied load over the entire bonded area, resulting in a more uniform stress distribution with little or no damage to the adherends. Another advantage is that adhesive bonded joint provide higher bonding strength at a lower cost compared to alternative methods like mechanical connectors. Structural silicone is commonly used to bond glass panels to supporting frames and other glass pieces. Inherently, silicones have lower adhesion strength compared to other structural adhesives like epoxies. However, this property provides an advantage in many applications. This is one of the reasons why silicone is preferred, especially in combinations where fragile materials such as glass are used. Despite their lower strength, silicones exhibit much more consistent behavior under the effects of moisture and temperature. Additionally, it is noted that the long-term effects of silicones are well understood, especially since they are used in structural silicone facades. Although wood-glass composite elements have been known for a while, traditional solutions used on facades assume that the glass does not contribute to the overall load bearing behavior, but merely transfers wind loads to the structural elements and therefore functions as an infill element. On the contrary, load-bearing timber-glass composite elements contribute to the structural integrity of the building by carrying load and providing stabilization. Therefore, studies investigating the potential of timber-glass composite elements on facades have gained importance recently. Materials are expected to perform their functions throughout their lifespan. The building envelope faces a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, UV light, water and corrosive atmospheric conditions. A decrease in performance may be observed over time in facade materials exposed to climatic conditions. The most important parameter affecting the load-bearing capacity of wood-glass composite facade materials is the connection between the wooden frame and the glass panel. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of environmental factors on wood-glass composite facade materials and the connection performance. In this study, it was aimed to examine the strength of wood-glass composite facade materials using different types of solid wood and to observe their performance under the effect of atmosferic conditions. In this context, experiments were carried out on small-scale specimens using medium-hard and hardwood species. Three different solid woods; pine, beech and oak, silicone-based adhesive and tempered glass were used in the experiments. The testing procedure is divided into three stages. First, the shear and tensile adhesion tests were performed to determine the initial value of the mechanical strength of timber-glass composite specimens at laboratory condition. Then five different aging scenarios; wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, resistance to acids, UV effects and resistance to high temperature were performed to examine the strength of timber-glass composite facade materials under the effect of atmospheric conditions. Afterwards, the shear and tensile adhesion tests were performed again and the results were compared to initial strength in order to determine the effect of environmental conditions on the composite material. The experiments were carried out at Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture. The data obtained from this study were analyzed by comparing them with the experimental results carried out using birch plywood in the research project within the scope of the WoodWisdom-Net Program. According to the results of the experimental study, shear specimens made of solid oak exhibited the highest durability against atmospheric conditions, while specimens made of solid pine were the most affected by these conditions. On the other hand, specimens made from solid pine have a higher load-bearing capacity under laboratory conditions. It also reveals that the type of solid wood has an effect on adhesion and shear strength as well as durability. In conclusion, it reveals that the use of solid oak wood in wood-glass composite facade material generally shows better performance in terms of resistance to atmospheric conditions.

Benzer Tezler

  1. Tez No

    504561

    Cephe kaplama sistemlerinin performans gereksinimleri açısından değerlendirilmesi

    Evaluation of facade cladding systems with regard to performance requirements

    BÜŞRA SİRKECİ

    Yüksek Lisans

    Türkçe

    Türkçe

    2017

    Mimarlıkİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi

    Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı

    PROF. DR. LEYLA TANAÇAN

  2. Tez No

    421053

    An experimental study on small-sized specimens made of load bearing timber-glass composites

    Ahşap-cam kompozit yapı elemanlarının küçük ölçekli numuneler düzeyinde deneysel bir inceleme

    MORVARID DILMAGHANI

    Yüksek Lisans

    İngilizce

    İngilizce

    2015

    Mimarlıkİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi

    Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı

    YRD. DOÇ. DR. HALET ALMILA BÜYÜKTAŞKIN

  3. Tez No

    635636

    Hazır cephe panellerinin malzemelerine ve tasarım kurgu özelliklerine göre karşılaştırılması

    Comparison of prefabricated facade panels according to their materials and the designing concepts

    AYÇA AKKAN

    Yüksek Lisans

    Türkçe

    Türkçe

    2020

    MimarlıkKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi

    Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı

    DOÇ. DR. NİLHAN VURAL

  4. Tez No

    477602

    Dış cephe kaplamalarının incelenmesi, Tarihi Yarımada Cibali Mahallesi

    Research of exterior facade covering, Tari̇hi̇ Yarımada Ci̇bali̇ Quater

    YUSUF AKYAZICI

    Yüksek Lisans

    Türkçe

    Türkçe

    2017

    Mimarlıkİstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi

    Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı

    PROF. DR. AYŞE BİLGE IŞIK

  5. Tez No

    397917

    An experimental study on load bearing timber glass composite shear walls under monotonic and cylic loadings

    Monotonik ve çevrimsel yükler etkisinde ahşap cam taşıyıcı perde duvar elemanları üzerine deneysel bir çalışma

    GÜZİDE ASLANKAYA

    Yüksek Lisans

    İngilizce

    İngilizce

    2015

    Mimarlıkİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi

    Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı

    YRD. DOÇ. DR. HALET ALMILA BÜYÜKTAŞKIN

Geri Dön