Kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan Iraklı hastalardaklotho - protein interlökin- 10 ve dislipidemi arasındakiilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi
Evaluation of the associations between klotho-protein, interleukin-10, and dyslipidemia in Iraqi patients with cardiovascular disease
- Tez No: 934690
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. VOLKAN EYÜPOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Biyokimya, Biochemistry
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2025
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar dünya genelinde en yaygın ölüm nedenidir. Miyokard enfarktüsü, serebrovasküler olaylar ve kalp yetmezliği gibi kalp ve kan damarlarını etkileyen çeĢitli rahatsızlıkları kapsar. Klothoprotein yaĢam süresi ile iliĢkili bir proteindir. Antioksidan olarak iĢlev görür, hücreleri zarardan korur, kalsiyum ve fosfat düzeylerini kontrol ederek kardiyovasküler sağlık için hayati önem taĢımaktadır, enflamasyonu azaltarak, endotel fonksiyonunu artırarak ve aterosklerozu inhibe ederek kalbi koruyabilir. Ġnterlökin-10, bağıĢıklık sistemini modüle eden ve kardiyovasküler bozukluklarda önemli bir unsur olan enflamasyonu azaltan bir sitokindir. Artan interlökin-10 düzeyleri kardiyovasküler hastalık riskinin azalmasıyla bağlantılı olup, kalp sağlığı için olası avantajlarını göstermektedir. Klotho proteini ve interlökin-10 kardiyovasküler sağlık için çok önemlidir. Klotho proteininin antioksidan ve yaĢlanma karĢıtı özellikleri ve mineral metabolizmasındaki rolü kalp sağlığının korunmasına yardımcı olabilir. IL-10'un anti-enflamatuar özellikleri kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini azaltabilir. Bu vaka-kontrol çalıĢmasına 180 katılımcıdan oluĢan iki grup dâhil edilmiĢtir, ilk grup Wasit Valiliği'ndeki Al Karama Eğitim Hastanesi, Al-Zahraa Eğitim Hastanesi ve Al-Numaniyah Genel Hastanesi'nde yatan kardiyovasküler hastalıkları olan 120 hastadan oluĢmaktadır. Buna karĢılık, kontrol grubu yaĢ ve cinsiyetleri birbirine uyan 60 sağlıklı bireyden oluĢmaktadır. Tüm katılımcılardan temiz ve steril koĢullar altında 5 mL'ye kadar kan örneği alınmıĢ ve örnekler dikkatlice laboratuvara taĢınmıĢtır. Klotho proteini ve interlökin-10 serum düzeyleri enzime bağlı immünosorbent testi kullanılarak ölçülmüĢtür. Tüm diyabetik parametreler ve lipid profilleri otomatik biyokimyasal analiz cihazları kullanılarak üretici talimatlarına göre ölçülmüĢtür. Demografik özelliklere göre, kontrol grubunun yaĢ ortalaması 59.4±6.22 yıl olup, minimum yaĢ 48, maksimum yaĢ 72 olmuĢtur. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar grubuna göre minimum yaĢ 49 ve maksimum yaĢ 74 iken, ortalama yaĢ 60,9±6,22 olarak bulunmuĢtur. Ayrıca, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıĢtır (p-değeri = 0.129). Kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan 120 hasta arasında 84 (%70) erkek oranı 36 (%30) kadın oranından daha yüksek bulunmuĢtur. Ayrıca, kontrol grubuna göre 45 (%75) olan erkek yüzdesi 15 (%25) olan kadın yüzdesinden daha yüksektir. Buna ek olarak, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark söz konusu değildir (p-değeri = 0,599). Kan testlerine gelince, klotho protein ve interlökin-10 düzeyleri kardiyovasküler hastalık grubunda (sırasıyla 456±49 ve 4.6±2.59 pg/mL) sağlıklı kontrol grubuna (sırasıyla 962±78.2 ve 11±2.68 pg/mL) kıyasla daha düĢük bulunmuĢtur. Anlamlı istatistiksel farklılık tespit edilmiĢtir (p-değeri =<0.001). Kan Ģekeri ve hemoglobin A1c düzeyleri kalp hastalığı grubunda (sırasıyla 137±12,9 mg/dL ve %6,9±0,51) sağlıklı kontrol grubundan (sırasıyla 80,1±5,67 mg/dL ve %5,09±0,31) daha yüksek bulunmuĢtur. Bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuĢtur (p-değeri = <0.001). Ayrıca, kandaki toplam kolesterol, trigliserit, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein miktarları sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuĢtur (sırasıyla toplam kolesterol için 173±15,9 mg/dL, trigliserit için 89,4±23,4 mg/dL, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein için 135±20 mg/dL ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein için 17,9±4,68 mg/dL). P-değeri 0,001'den küçük olan anlamlı bir fark bunu göstermiĢtir. Kandaki yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyi kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan kiĢilerde (35,3±5,72 mg/dL) sağlıklı kontrol grubuna (44,5±5,74 mg/dL) kıyasla daha düĢük olup, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark söz konusudur (p-değeri <0,001). Ayrıca, hemoglobin A1c ile açlık plazma glukozu (r = 0.626) ve hemoglobin A1c ile total kolesterol (r = 0.208) arasında pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuĢtur. Toplam kolesterol, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = 0,923), trigliseritler ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = 1) arasında da pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuĢtur. Ayrıca, trigliseritler ile düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = -0,370), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein ile düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = -0,371) ve düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein ile çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = -0,371) arasında negatif bir korelasyon saptanmıĢtır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalıĢmanın bulguları düĢük klotho ve interlökin-10 düzeyleri ile yüksek kardiyovasküler hastalık riski arasında önemli bir korelasyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, kardiyovasküler hastalığı olanlarda açlık plazma glukozu, hemoglobin A1c, toplam kolesterol, trigliserit, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyleri artmıĢ, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyleri ise azalmıĢtır. Bu sonuçlar klotho, interlökin-10 ve metabolik değiĢkenlerin kardiyovasküler hastalık etiyolojisi ve ilerlemesindeki olası rolünün altını çizmektedir.
Özet (Çeviri)
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality globally. It includes several disorders impacting the heart and blood arteries, such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and cardiac insufficiency. Klothoprotein is a protein associated with lifespan. It functions as an antioxidant, safeguards cells from harm, controls calcium and phosphate levels, and is vital for cardiovascular health, it may protect the heart by mitigating inflammation, enhancing endothelial function, and inhibiting atherosclerosis.Interleukin-10 is a cytokine that modulates the immune system and mitigates inflammation, a crucial element in cardiovascular disorders. Increased interleukin-10 levels are linked to a decreased risk of cardiovascular illnesses, indicating its possible advantages for cardiac health. Klotho protein and interleukin-10 are crucial for cardiovascular health. Klotho protein's antioxidant and anti-aging characteristics and its role in mineral metabolism may aid in cardiac protection. The anti-inflammatory properties of IL-10 may mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease. Two groups of 180 participants participated in this case-control study, the first group comprised 120 patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized at Al Karama Teaching Hospital, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, and Al-Numaniyah General Hospital in Wasit Governorate. In contrast, the control group comprises 60 healthy individuals with matching age and gender. Up to 5 mL of blood samples were collected from all participants under clean and sterile conditions, and the samples were transported carefully to the laboratory. The klotho protein and interleukin-10 serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All diabetic parameters and lipid profiles were measured using automated biochemical analyzer instruments according to the manufacturer's instructions. According to the demographic characteristics, the minimum age was 48 years, and the maximum was 72 years, with an age mean of 59.4±6.22 years, according to the control group. While the minimum age was 49 years and the maximum was 74 years, the mean was 60.9±6.22 years, according to the cardiovascular diseases group. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found (p-value = 0.129). Among the 120 patients with cardiovascular disease, the male percentage of 84 (70%) was higher than the female percentage of 36 (30%). Furthermore, the male percentage of 45 (75%) was higher than the female percentage of 15 (25%), according to the control group. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.599). When it came to blood tests, the levels of klotho protein and interleukin-10 were lower in the cardiovascular disease group (456±49 and 4.6±2.59 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the healthy control group (962±78.2 and 11±2.68 pg/mL, respectively). Indicating significant statistical difference was discovered (p-value =<0.001). Blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c levels were higher in the heart disease group (137±12.9 mg/dL and 6.9±0.51%, respectively) than in the healthy control group (80.1±5.67 mg/dL and 5.09±0.31%, respectively). This difference was statistically significant (p-value = <0.001). Also, the amounts of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein in the blood were higher than in the healthy control group (173±15.9 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 89.4±23.4 mg/dL for triglycerides, 135±20 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein, and 17.9±4.68 mg/dL for very low-density lipoprotein, in that order). A significant difference with a P-value of less than 0.001 demonstrated this. The level of high-density lipoprotein in the blood was lower in people with cardiovascular disease (35.3±5.72 mg/dL) compared to the healthy control group (44.5±5.74 mg/dL), which was a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.626) and hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol (r = 0.208). A positive correlation was also found between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.923), triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (r = 1). In addition, there was a negative correlation between triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (r = -0.370), high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (r = -0.371), and low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein (r = -0.371). In conclusion, this study's findings indicate a substantial correlation between reduced levels of klotho and interleukin-10 and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, those with cardiovascular disease had increased fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein, along with decreased levels of high density lipoprotein. These results underscore the possible involvement of klotho, interleukin-10, and metabolic variables in the etiology and advancement of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality globally. It includes several disorders impacting the heart and blood arteries, such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and cardiac insufficiency. Klothoprotein is a protein associated with lifespan. It functions as an antioxidant, safeguards cells from harm, controls calcium and phosphate levels, and is vital for cardiovascular health, it may protect the heart by mitigating inflammation, enhancing endothelial function, and inhibiting atherosclerosis.Interleukin-10 is a cytokine that modulates the immune system and mitigates inflammation, a crucial element in cardiovascular disorders. Increased interleukin-10 levels are linked to a decreased risk of cardiovascular illnesses, indicating its possible advantages for cardiac health. Klotho protein and interleukin-10 are crucial for cardiovascular health. Klotho protein's antioxidant and anti-aging characteristics and its role in mineral metabolism may aid in cardiac protection. The anti-inflammatory properties of IL-10 may mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease. Two groups of 180 participants participated in this case-control study, the first group comprised 120 patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized at Al Karama Teaching Hospital, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, and Al-Numaniyah General Hospital in Wasit Governorate. In contrast, the control group comprises 60 healthy individuals with matching age and gender. Up to 5 mL of blood samples were collected from all participants under clean and sterile conditions, and the samples were transported carefully to the laboratory. The klotho protein and interleukin-10 serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All diabetic parameters and lipid profiles were measured using automated biochemical analyzer instruments according to the manufacturer's instructions. According to the demographic characteristics, the minimum age was 48 years, and the maximum was 72 years, with an age mean of 59.4±6.22 years, according to the control group. While the minimum age was 49 years and the maximum was 74 years, the mean was 60.9±6.22 years, according to the cardiovascular diseases group. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found (p-value = 0.129). Among the 120 patients with cardiovascular disease, the male percentage of 84 (70%) was higher than the female percentage of 36 (30%). Furthermore, the male percentage of 45 (75%) was higher than the female percentage of 15 (25%), according to the control group. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.599). When it came to blood tests, the levels of klotho protein and interleukin-10 were lower in the cardiovascular disease group (456±49 and 4.6±2.59 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the healthy control group (962±78.2 and 11±2.68 pg/mL, respectively). Indicating significant statistical difference was discovered (p-value =<0.001). Blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c levels were higher in the heart disease group (137±12.9 mg/dL and 6.9±0.51%, respectively) than in the healthy control group (80.1±5.67 mg/dL and 5.09±0.31%, respectively). This difference was statistically significant (p-value = <0.001). Also, the amounts of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein in the blood were higher than in the healthy control group (173±15.9 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 89.4±23.4 mg/dL for triglycerides, 135±20 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein, and 17.9±4.68 mg/dL for very low-density lipoprotein, in that order). A significant difference with a P-value of less than 0.001 demonstrated this. The level of high-density lipoprotein in the blood was lower in people with cardiovascular disease (35.3±5.72 mg/dL) compared to the healthy control group (44.5±5.74 mg/dL), which was a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.626) and hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol (r = 0.208). A positive correlation was also found between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.923), triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (r = 1). In addition, there was a negative correlation between triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (r = -0.370), high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (r = -0.371), and low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein (r = -0.371). In conclusion, this study's findings indicate a substantial correlation between reduced levels of klotho and interleukin-10 and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, those with cardiovascular disease had increased fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein, along with decreased levels of high density lipoprotein. These results underscore the possible involvement of klotho, interleukin-10, and metabolic variables in the etiology and advancement of cardiovascular disease.
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