1944 yılı sonrası toplu konut uygulamalarında apartman plan tipolojileri gelişimi
Development of multi-family housing block plan typologies in the mass housing implementations after 1944
- Tez No: 100955
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. HASAN ŞENER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Apartman, Mekan, Tipoloji, Toplu konutlar, Apartment, Space, Typology, Mass houses
- Yıl: 2000
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
1944 YILI SONRASI TOPLU KONUT UYGULAMALARINDA APARTMAN PLAN TİPOLOJİLERİ GELİŞİMİ ÖZET 1944 yılı sonrası toplu konut uygulamalarında apartman plan tipolojileri gelişimi adlı tezin amacı konut planlarının ve mekanlar arası ilişkilerin 1944'ten günümüze nasıl farklılaştığını; bu farklılaşmanın sebep ve sonuçlarını Emlak Bankası ve Toplu Konut İdaresi uygulamaları kapsamında inceleyerek ortaya koymaktır. Tezin birinci bölümünde, çalışmanın amacı, çalışmanın kapsamı ve yöntemi anlatılmaktadır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde apartman olgusu ve apartmanlaşmanın süreçleri anlatılmaktadır. Apartman yapımını hızlandıran sebepler irdelenmiş; apartmanlaşmanın kente etkisinden bahsedilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise, toplu konut kavramı üzerinde durulmuştur. Türkiye'de konut ihtiyacı ve toplu konut dört döneme aynlarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu bölümde tezin örnek uygulamalarının alındığı Emlak Bankası ve Toplu Konut İdaresi projeleri ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde tipoloji kavramı üzerinde durulmuş; apartman blok tipolojileri ve örneklerden elde edilen konut plan tipolojilerine yer verilmiştir. Sonuç bölümü olan beşinci bölümde ise, envanter çalışmasına dayanan sonuçlar ve değerlendirmeler yer almaktadır. IX
Özet (Çeviri)
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING BLOCK PLAN TYPOLOGIES IN THE MASS HOUSING IMPLEMENTATIONS AFTER 1944 SUMMARY The objective of the thesis“Development of Multi-Family Housing Block Plan Typologies in the Mass Housing Implementations After 1944”was to evaluate the altering of relationships between multi-family housing block plans and interspaces from 1944 to today. The reasons and results of this change was assessed in terms of Emlak Bankası and Toplu Konut İdaresi examples. The second part of the thesis involved the multi-family housing block fact and the development process of multi-family housing block. As the industry developed and city population increased, lack of housing was seen. Therefore, the number of people who want to own a housing increased tremendously. Industrialized civilizations solved the lack of housing problem by multistorey buildings, i.e., apartment houses. In other words, apartment houses were born with workers and civil servants. Today, with its scales and production processes, apartment house has become a type of building constituting the city and its environment. The main reasons that constitute and accelerate the multi-family housing block construction are given below:. Increasing population. Social and cultural changes. Development activities. Economical changes. Facilitation of transportation. Technological development As the multi-family housing blocks began to be constructed, the city silhouette changed and its density was increased. In the third part of the thesis, mass housing concept, mass housing implementations in Turkey and their results were argued. Moreover, in this part, some information about the inventory examples which were chosen from the projects done by Emlak Bankası and Toplu Konut İdaresi were given. As the higher housing blocks began to be constructed, the city started to diverge from the“human scale”. In Turkey, mass housing construction works has begun in years between 1945-1950, in order to serve the increasing housing requirements. Mass housing construction not only serves the husing needs of many families, but also saves from production time, materials and building site. Moreover, withmass housing implementations, new technologies are used in housing constructions and more systematic city spaces are formed. The fourth part of the thesis covered the typology concept. In this part, relationship between city and housing was explained. Typological analysis and multi-family housing blocks and house plan typologies were also elucidated. In the fifth part of the thesis, which is the result part, an inventory study comprising of Emlak Bankası and Toplu Konut İdaresi mass housing implementations was carried out by inveatigating 84 housings. The discussions and results of this study were given in this part. In the examples 42 space organizations scheme were determined and the results were given below. Accordingly in time,. The scale of the mass housing is changed. Instead of constructing dwelling units inside the city,“satellite towns”which forms its environment began to be constructed outside the city.. This situation led to the expansion of the city borders.. Building systems changed with developing technology and, design was affected by this change.. The adjustment observed in terms of blocks was the increase in storey number and accordingly the type of block was done as point block.. As the number of storeys increased, the number of dwelling units rised leading to multi-family housing blocks. Therefore, neighbourhood relationships which have been weak already, disappeared in time. Also, multi-storey blocks created a different environment than human scale.. One of the changes in the housing unit scale is typicalization of space organization. For example in 1960's, it was possible to come across a few type of plan schemes in the two-roomed constructed housings of Ataköy. However, in the following projects, the plan schemes were not of different kinds.. A decrease in the number of balconies was observed due to the changes in building systems.. Master bathroom space wasn't found in the first examples. However in time, it was included in the design as area was available.. As the user profile changed, more studio type housing was constructed. Therefore, open-type kitchen was used more.. In the first parts of Ataköy project, dining room was observed to be divergent from the saloon. In the following years, this divergence wasn't seen.. In the first parts of Ataköy project, WC space and the lavatory space was detached from each other by a door. ». Linen space was included in the design as there was available space in the housing in the subsequent years. During 1950-1960 period, goods shed or larder was made.. Third dimension development of buildings is concerned with the building system. Reinforced concrete housings have larger interfenestration and longer storey heights in order to save the frontage from boredome. The bearing system was specified by using different colors and materials. In the tunnel formwork system, the frontage effects were weak and repeating themselves. xu
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