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Avrupa Birliğinin yasadışı göç politikası ve Türkiye üzerindeki etkileri

Illegal immigration policy of European Union and its effects on Turkey

  1. Tez No: 159637
  2. Yazar: AHMET KAYA
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. FÜSUN ARSAVA
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Halkla İlişkiler, Public Relations
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2005
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Avrupa Toplulukları Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 160

Özet

134 ÖZET Avrupa Birliğinin oluşumunda gelişmeler evresinden gelen bir süreç görülmektedir. Her gelişme beraberinde bir eksikliği de getirmiştir. Özellikle, ekonomik entegrasyondan siyasi entegrasyona geçişte yaşanan bu sorunlar bir 'özgürlük alanının' gerçekleşmesi ile başlamış olup bunu 'güvenlik ve adalet alanlarının' gerçekleşme süreci takip etmiştir. İşte bu çalışmada ele alman yasadışı göç konusu da bu 'güvenlik alanının' önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Sivil bir güç olan Avrupa Birliğinin yasadışı göçle mücadeleye yönelik olarak aday ülkelerden de beklentileri bulunmaktadır. Aday ülke olarak Türkiye, AB müktesebatı ve uyum çalışmaları kapsamında birçok düzenleme yerine getirmiştir. Yasadışı göç alanında da yasal ve kurumsal düzenlemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu uyum sürecinde karşılıklı olarak bir etkileşimden söz etmek mümkündür. Ancak, AB 'yi de kapsayacak şekilde ve yasadışı göç sorununa çözüm bulma amacıyla uluslararası işbirliği mekanizmalarına da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bununla beraber yasadışı göçle mücadele edilirken insan haklan anlayışını yadsıyacak uygulamalardan da kaçınılması gerekmektedir. Yasadışı göçle mücadelede ortak hareket edilmesi gerekmektedir. Eğer bu hareket ortamı oluşturulmazsa yasadışı göç unsuru kendini yasal bir göç unsuru olarak kabul ederek o gittiği ülkenin yabancı ve göç politikalarını temelden sarsabilecektir. Bu ortak hareketten sonra ortak bir yasadışı göçle mücadele politikasının belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu politika ile planlı bir şekilde hedefe ulaşma olanağı olacaktır. İlk olarak ülke bazında yasadışı göçle mücadelenin tüm ülkelerin yabancı göçmen politikalarını temelden etkileyen bir sorun tipi olduğunun bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak bu135 aşamadan sonra uluslararası veya bölgesel alanda yasadışı göçle mücadeleye yönelik çalışmalar yapılabilecektir.

Özet (Çeviri)

136 ABSTRACT Illegal immigration is a phenomenon which can be faced all around the world. There is no generalized concept related to illegal immigration at international level. In some resources illegal immigration has some versions such as illegal entry, undocumented immigration, irregular immigration or clandestine immigration. So in international literature we cannot see a common concept which is enlightened thoroughly. Beside this point human trafficking and human smuggling can be evaluated as a part of illegal immigration type. We are observing that the new types of crimes, called cyber crimes, have been emerging with the globalization process. Nowadays crimes are emerging from not only states but also crossing states of borders. Additionally, due to the rapid advancements in the field of transport, communications and IT areas, organized crimes and terrorism have severe implications in the whole globe. Therefore the concept of prevention and fight against crimes must be elaborated accordingly. Technological developments, free marketing including free movement of goods, capital, services and persons has caused security problems indirectly within global area. If we take in hand EU evolution process, esp. by free movement persons EU have to take steps on home affairs issues (like crimes of human smuggling, drug trafficking, terrorism., etc.). As types of crimes are globalized, states had to137 come into action commonly at international level. Again when we look upon to EU justice home affairs (JHA) evolution process it is seen that factors of globalization were efficient in forming common approach against illegal immigration. Also Sept. 1 1 has triggered this process in advance. Furthermore, the trans-border crimes are an obstacle to be overcome on the name of common values of democracy and the rule of law. The effectiveness of dealing such crimes requires the establishment of a common database for the illegal immigration, and then actions based on this common database. In order to overcome such problems Turkey is aware of this new era, being on the eve of the accession talks with the EU. For example, up to now, several EU projects related to illegal 1 immigration are being implemented. Apart from EU accession process, Turkey has great efforts within United Nations Task Forces esp. forming peace in the global area. When we take in EU process again with the help of EU projects and accession to EU acquies Turkey is going to be a partner in constructing the new concept of security order for Europe. Why is Turkey so important on account of illegal immigration? Turkey is an important country because of its geographical position and features. Turkey's neighbour countries has unstable conditions Another point is that Turkey is a democratic state which is available to stay for a while.138 We believe that harmonization of domestic laws with the JHA acquis and policies which are dynamic in nature would help greatly in shaping the national internal security policy within global security. In line with this, Turkey signed the agreement with the Europol. Additionally, EU projects in this field are being implemented for the enhancement of the capacities of the relevant agencies. Turkey is making great efforts to enhance the international corporations, being aware of the importance for common efforts and actions. Our harmonization works with the EU acquis related to illegal immigration are continuing in some areas: Border Management Security, Migration and Asylum. At 2004 progress report and also at its effect report which was published on the 6 October of 2004, the followings were stated; Turkey is situated at an area on which the strategically regions for Europe were intersected. When Turkey is member of EU, the borders of EU will reach out the borders of unstable countries. Together with this, the cooperation on international relations involving illegal immigration will develop. In order to efficient approach to illegal immigration we should take account below these issues: The most direct way to overcome such a global problem that makes people all over the world anxious is first of all we should rethink the reality of human kind. We should define why people prefer illegal immigration or what causes illegal immigration.139 It is well known that illegal immigration cannot be coped with only by means of security measures. If we see the problem lies within unstable countries on account of economical and political conditions. Beside security measures social studies have to be taken into consideration. Therefore distribution of welfare to all world countries should be done equally. And also efficient precautions for unstable countries on account of political aspect should be taken in hand. Furthermore illegal immigration cannot be isolated neither security nor freedom or justice. Today's world approach to undertake illegal immigration problem is a security problem. And security measures are seen as a satisfactory method. But we should not ignore other complementary aspects of freedom and justice. We are confident that the international cooperation in the context of EU would be an important stage in eradicating this threat to our societies. We believe that the international and regional cooperation is an important topic in this matter and it should be extended into every field decisively. In addition to that, needles to say that expert staff with the experience of trans- border crimes esp. illegal immigration and adequate technical capabilities, common understandings and contemporary legislation is essential to success in this field. It should be reiterated that cooperation in this field should cover all aspects aiming at the good of the whole people. Fundamental solutions to global problems lie in aiming at the good of whole people.140 There is a legend story which comes from a marble relief dating from the 2nd century before the Christian era (BCE) found at ancient Lerna City. This story should be evaluated in context of illegal immigration.“The hydra which lived in the swamps near to the ancient city of Lerna was a terrifying monster which likes the lion. The hydra had the body of a serpent and many heads, of which one could never be harmed by any weapon, and if any of the other heads were severed another would grow in its place. Also its breath was deadly venom. When it emerged from the swamp it would attack herds of cattle and local villagers. It totally terrorized the vicinity for many years. Untill Heracles went journey to lake Lerna in a speedy chariot, and with him he took his nephew and charioteer Iolaus, in search of the dreaded hydra. When they finally reached the hydras' hiding place, Heracles told Iolaus to stay with the horses while he drew the monster from its hole with flaming arrows. This brought out the hideous beast. Heracles courageously attacked the beast, flaying at each head with his sword, but he soon realized that as one head was severed another grew in its place. Heracles called for help from Iolaus, telling him to bring a flaming torch, and as Heracles cut off the heads one by one from the hydra, Iolaus cauterized the open wounds with the torch preventing them from growing again. Eventually, with the help of Iolaus, Heracles would kill Learnen Hydra. When Heracles went back home he told the grant event to his close friends saying that It didn't count because Iolaus had helped him.”141 When Heracles cut off the heads of Leamean Hydra lolaus cauterized the open wound with his torch. So we should be ambitious of searching fundamental solutions to this kind of problems.

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