Bir montaj hattının benzetimi
Simulation of an assembly line
- Tez No: 19283
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. MURAT DİNÇMEN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1991
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 145
Özet
Özet Bir Montaj Hattının benzetimi CadMotion programı ile yapılmıştır. Burada, montajı yapılan dört kardan milinden, dört tanesinin hat boyunca akışı incelenmiştir. Bu dört kardan mili değişik montaj aşamalarından geçmektedir. Montaj atölyesinde bulunan tezgah ve masaların ondördünden bu kardan milleri geçmektedir. Bu yüzden diğer masa ve tezgahlar incelenmemiştir. Hareketleri tanımlanan dört kardan mili dışında kalan tiplerin hareketlerini tanımlamak yerine tezgah ve masaların başka montaj işlemlerine tahsis edilmesi yoluna gidilmiştir. Kurulan benzetim modelinin listesi Ek-A/B/C'de verilmiştir. Listeden de farkedileceği üzere model oldukça karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu kompleks yapı montaj hattının düzeninden ileri gelmektedir. Benzetim modelinin, Montaj hattına sadık olmasına çalışılmıştır. Benzetim modeline, dışarıdan yapılacak olan benzetim ile ilgili bilgiler girdikten sonra simulasyon bitinceye dek ekrana Montaj hattının animasyonlu görüntüsü, hızlandırılmış zaman altında, gelir. Bu sırada model kurucu sistemin hareket tarzı hakkında geniş bilgi edinme olanağına kavuşur. Benzetim bittiğinde ise sonuçlar tekrar dışarıya verilir. Bundan sonra kullanıcıya kalan sonuçları incelemektir. CadMotion paketinin çalışmasını sağlamak için ek programların yazılması gerekmiştir. Bu programlar BASIC ve C dillerinde yazılmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
Summary Simulation Of An Assembly Line A simulation model seeks to“duplicate”the behavior of the system under investigation by studying the interactions among its components. Simulation must be treated as a statistical experiment. Unlike the mathematical models the output of the model represents a long-run steady-state behavior, the results obtained from running a simulation model are observations that are subject to experimental error. A simulation experiment differs from a regular laboratory experiment in that it can be conducted totally on the computer systems. By expressing the interactions among the components of the system as mathematical relations ships, we are able to gather the necessary information in very much the same way as if we were observing the real system (subject, of course to the simplifications built into model). The nature of simulation thus allows greater flexibility in representing complex systems that are normally difficult to analyze by standard mathematical models. Although simulation is a flexible technique, both time consuming and costly, particularly when one is trying to optimize the simulated system. Simulation has. been used to analyze problems of two distinct types; 1. Theoretical problems in basic science areas such as mathematics, physics, an chemistry 2. Practical problems in all aspects of real life V]The technique used to solve the theoretical problems cited may be considered a forerunner of simulation in its present-day usage. It's called the Monte Carlo method and is based on the general idea of using sampling to estimate a desired result. Simulation like the Monte Carlo method and is based on estimating the output of a system through sampling. In this respect, many ideas, that were developed in conjunction with Monte Carlo are being used directly in the application of simulation. The present success of simulation in modeling very complex systems rests squarely on the impressive advances in the capabilities and power of the digital computer. It's unimaginable to think that simulation could have reached any degree of success without the computer. System models are developed to analyze the behavior of systems as a function of time. From that stand point, there are two types of simulation; 1. Discrete simulation. 2. Continuous simulation. In discrete simulation, the simulated system is looked at only at selected points in time, whereas in continuous simulations the system is monitored at every point in time. vnİn a typical simulation model, we view the system as comprising entities or transactions that, at any point in time during the simulation, may either be in service or waiting for service. To process waiting entities in desired order, a simulation language must provide automatic means for storing and retrieving these entities whenever needed by utilizing files or ordered lists. Available discrete simulation languages can be categorized into four groups; 1. Event scheduling. 2. Activity scanning. 3. Process. 4. Combination of both process and event scheduling. The most flexible languages are those based on event scheduling and activity scanning. Flexibility, here implies that the language can readily model any complex situation. This flexibility, however, implies that the user must expend additional effort in development of the model. CadMotion is a general purpose discrete event graphic simulation system which consists of an integrated application source language preprocessor and run time interpreter. The CadMotion language directly supports highly interactive graphic simulations based on AutoCAD drawings. As a powerful and most popular CAD package AutoCAD is chosen to create DXF (Data eXchange Format) files which enable to transfer the drawing to CadMotion screen overlays. Highly detailed drawings can not be produced by current limiting format of CadMotion screen overlay files. vniAll drawing which created in AutoCAD environment consist floating point based drawing entities such as lines, circles, arcs, texts, etc. must be converted into integer based ones via a conversion unit. This translation between the floating point based DXF files and integer based CadMotion screen overlay files has two steps. Each step has its own conversion program. DXF files simply are the description of drawings in an expanded ASCII format of drawings. By using DXF.EXE program -which is written by me- DXF files which are constructed in AutoCAD, can be translated into more understandable format of COCO (CadMotion Overlay COmpiler). The code which is produced by DXF.EXE uses a description language of simple drawing commands. User can modify those COCO files via any available editor for touching ups and for other purposes. The COCO drawing description language is designed for the sake of adding desired drawing entities and deleting of unwanted ones. The commands of this pseudo language can be found following pages. After editing the COCO files or directly, running a program called C0C0.EXE enables the transfer of the drawing into its final integer format of CadMotion screen overlay. Because of compact structure of overlay files, they will look Greek to the user if he inspects their contents with an editor or with other tools such as PCTOOLS. Both DXF.EXE and C0C0.EXE are written in BASIC and compiled with TurboBASIC. After building screen overlays, the user can go on modeling of selected system in CadMotion. CadMotion uses the same language of with its preceding program PCModel which is released by same company, with some modifications. These modifications mainly based on controlling graphics animation. The structure of the language which is constructed on basic command syntax, supports an environment of easy modeling and debugging facilities of models. ixLimitations of the CadMotion can be passed by the user who develops special programing and modeling tricks with an extra effort. Although CadMotion also includes an External Processor facility to perform auxiliary operations, this facility is not working properly and causing the problem of crashing of the computer, after the simulation run. It's possibly a bug in CadMotion which must be corrected for professional simulation by the releasing company. After designing the screen overlay for a CadMotion simulation model, user must build the duplicate of the system by using CadMotion's native language. An assembly line for shafts is chosen to simulate the behaviors of the system. The chosen company is a leading manufacturing firm in Turkeys automotive sector for producing shafts and their sub-parts. The assembly line is the final step of production, including final touch ups. The firm has a wide spectrum of types on shafts, and it's impossible to construct a model which consist every type of shafts. Thus, Only four of the types are chosen as main types to investigate their behaviors through the simulation time. The sub-parts which built the shafts, are differs from one type to another. Only fourteen of the whole machinery in the line are available for these types. A forklift supports the transportation need of the sub-parts and final products with carrying them in steel boxes. An additional forklift takes care of boxes which belong to the stock. The model listing for the system can be found in the appendix pages.
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