Taşıtlarda anti blokaj fren sistemleri
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 20463
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. OSMAN YAZICIOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 66
Özet
ÖZET Günümüzde ticari yük ve yolcu taşıtlarında büyük oranda kapasite artırımına gidilmektedir. Taşıtların güvenliğini birinci derecede etkileyen donanımlar arasında frenler yer alır. Ülkemizde trafik kazaları avrupa Ülkelerine nazaran oldukça fazladır. Bu kazaların ana sebeplerinin çoğunu fren donanımlar ındaki azrızalar ve donanımdaki sistim yersizliği oluşturmaktadır. Zamanımıza kadar fren donanımları yanısıra fren sistemleri üzerinde bir çok çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Anti- blokaj sistemlerin çalışma prensibinden bahsedi lmiçtir. [ 3 ] Anti-blokaj fren sisteminin çift sınır şartı metodu ile kontrolü üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. [9] Yine kaymasız fren sistemleri için fonksiyon tanımlanması üzerinde çalışma yapı lmıstır. [ 8 ] Ayrıca anti blokaj sistemleri bazı firmalar taşıtlarında kul 1 anmak tadı r 1 ar. [ 5]. Bu çalışmada taşıtlarda fren düzenleri ve anti-blokaj fren sistemleri ele alınarak; sistemin tanımı, çalışma prensibi, genel yapısı ve elemanları, taşıt üzerindeki yerleşimi, konvansiyonel sistemlere adaptasyonu ve avantajları incelenmiştir. AT ülkelerinin ağır yük ve yolcu taşıtlarında Ekim 1991 tarihinden itibaren zorumlu olarak ABS'li sistemin kullanılması şartı göz önünde bulundurularak ve ülkemizin coğrafi konumu nedeni ile ülkemizde üretilen ağır yük kamyon, çekici, römork ve otobüslerde ABS'li fren sisteminin kullanılması uygun görülmüştür.
Özet (Çeviri)
II ABSTRACT Braking system of vehicles have recently been one of the 'ields of importance to both research engineers and vehicle iroducers due to the vital importance of safety phenomena. Recently many manufacturers have developed and :ommercialized their anti-skid or anti-lock brake system ABS). There ABS ' suse solenoid valves to modulate the brake iressure in order to prevent the lock up of wheels during an smmercency braking manoeuvre on a slippery and steerability of 'ehicles and alsoreduce the stoping distance. Up to now, the control laws of existing ABS's were mostly leveloped through iterative laboratory experiments and ingineering tests. There are a few teorical and systematic studies abaut ABS reported so far.Guntur and Ouwerkerk listed and studied several criteria used in ABS, some for predicting the iccurrence of the lock up of wheel and others for reappling jrakeswhile the danger of lock-up as averted. Although they investigated the merist and demerist of these criteria and suitability of some combinationsof them by dijital simulations ind laboratory tests, a fundamental understanding of these :ritaria is still lacking. On the other hand, frequency domain nethods such as the describing f unctionmethod by Fling and ?enton(1981) and cllassical feedback control approach by Seller(1984) were used to analyse and desing ABS. However, the ABS lynamics are inheerently nonlinear, but Edge (1990) made a new ituding abaut Conjugate Baundary Method for conrol law desing of inti-skid brake systems. Through phase plane analysis, the ionlinear dynamics of ABS are investigated by using a picewisem linear tyre force model. The new concepts of equilibrum brake torque and conjugate baundaries are introduced to analyse the existence and stability of limit cycles. The global slip tendency in ABS dynamics. Finally, in Edge paper some selected criteria from Gutur and Ouwerkek's studies are analysed. From the analysis and simulution results, the rules for desing the threshold values for these criteria are suggested and the evaluation of these criteria are also given. The other one Russell's studing, a discribing function approach is employed in the desing an anti-skid braking system. This includes the specification of the dynamics of a braking vehicle, a porpoused system employing a feedback compensator to provide anti-skid behavior and the determination of the desing parameters by a describing function analysis. A wide range of tire roadway conditions was considered in the latter. The resulding desing was implemented and avalvated in field tests. The observed antiskid braking performance was approximately that predicted from the desing. Thus the discribing function approach especially in view of it's ease of application and the insights it provides, appears to be a usefull one for the control aspect of anti-skid desing. However today's conventional valve based anti-lock brake systems are approaching the limits of functional performance and only minor futer improvements can be expectedin the future. Fatec Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH ispursuing a different avenue of development with an ABS based on the plunger principle. By means of an analoge pressure modulation and a sophisticated controlII ABSTRACT Braking system of vehicles have recently been one of the 'ields of importance to both research engineers and vehicle iroducers due to the vital importance of safety phenomena. Recently many manufacturers have developed and :ommercialized their anti-skid or anti-lock brake system ABS). There ABS ' suse solenoid valves to modulate the brake iressure in order to prevent the lock up of wheels during an smmercency braking manoeuvre on a slippery and steerability of 'ehicles and alsoreduce the stoping distance. Up to now, the control laws of existing ABS's were mostly leveloped through iterative laboratory experiments and ingineering tests. There are a few teorical and systematic studies abaut ABS reported so far.Guntur and Ouwerkerk listed and studied several criteria used in ABS, some for predicting the iccurrence of the lock up of wheel and others for reappling jrakeswhile the danger of lock-up as averted. Although they investigated the merist and demerist of these criteria and suitability of some combinationsof them by dijital simulations ind laboratory tests, a fundamental understanding of these :ritaria is still lacking. On the other hand, frequency domain nethods such as the describing f unctionmethod by Fling and ?enton(1981) and cllassical feedback control approach by Seller(1984) were used to analyse and desing ABS. However, the ABS lynamics are inheerently nonlinear, but Edge (1990) made a new ituding abaut Conjugate Baundary Method for conrol law desing of inti-skid brake systems. Through phase plane analysis, the ionlinear dynamics of ABS are investigated by using a picewise1.0 A,2 S In thus in the range up to 30 slip where the stable area is far the various types of road surface and it is within this slip range that the ABS operates. The beside of Europe countries 's traffic laws and georaphic status of our country, we should use ABS at least onthe commercial trucks and buses. Desing of ABS is used four main components. Control valve, electronic control unit, tooth ring one for each wheel, sensor one for each wheel. Fig. 6. 2. The tooht ring is attached to the wheel hup and the electromagnetic sensor is attached the to the axle and senses the rotation of the wheel. In the control unit the slip and acceleration values for each wheel are calculated. The calculated values are then compared with limits in the control unit memory. When such limits are execeeded a signal transmitted to the control valve in the brake system and pressure is reduced, increased or kept a constant level. In this way the veçhile can be brake at all times within the most efficient stable range for slip. The result is very rapid and intilligent braking by pump action..
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