İş etüdünün üretim planlama ve kontrolle ilişkisi ve tekstil sektöründe bir uygulama
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 28883
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. AHMET F. ÖZOK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, İşletme, Industrial and Industrial Engineering, Business Administration
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Akdeniz Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 101
Özet
ÖZET ÎŞ ETÜDÜNÜN ÜRETİM PLANLAMA VE KONTROLLE İLİŞKİSİ VE TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA Bu çalışmanın amacı özellikle san yıllarda gittikçe artan bir gelişim gösteren tekstil sektörümüze, Endüstri Mühendisliğinin uygulanmasıdır. Endüstri Mühendisliği biliminin iki önemli kolu olan“Üretim Planlama ve Kontrol”ile“İş Etüdü”konuları üzerinde durulmuş ve ele alınan tekstil işletmesinde uygulaması yapılmıştır. Birinci bölümde; Endüstri Mühendisliği ve buna bağlı alarak Üretim Planlama ve Kontrol ile İş Etüdü konularına giriş yapılmış ve ana hatlarıyla bu konular hakkındaki bilgilerin genel çerçevesi çizilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise; Türk Tekstil Sektörünün gelişimi, şu andaki durumu ve dünya ticaretinde sahip olduğu yer anlatılmıştır. Uygulamanın gerçekleştirilmiş olduğu tekstil işletmesi, yapılan işlemler bazında incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde; Üretim Planlama ve Kontrol konusu ele alınıp, üretim sistemleri incelenmiştir. Üretim Planlama fonksiyonunun yapılabilmesi için, üretimin gerçekleştirildiği işletmenin hangi özelliklere göre ayrılabileceği anlatılıp, üretim planının yapılabilmesi için gereken tüm yan faktörler incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölüm; Endüstri Mühendisliğinin ana konularından biri alan İş Etüdü konusunu kapsamaktadır. Metod Etüdü ve İş Ölçümü konularına İş Etüdü' nün dalları olarak detaylı bir şekilde değinilmiştir. Bu bölüm, Metod Etüdü ve İş Ölçmesi faaliyetlerinin nasıl yapılabileceği, bu etüdlerin işletmelere yararlarını göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Bu bölüm uygulamanın yapılıp anlatıldığı 5. Bölüm' e temel teşkil etmektedir vs bu bolümde İş Ölçmesi metotların dan biri alan“Kronametraj Metodu”ile ilgili bilgilere geniş alarak yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın özünü oluşturan 5. Bölüm ise İş Etüdü ile Üretim Planlama ve Kontrol arasındaki sıkı ilişkiyi ve işletmelere sağladığı faydaların açıklıkla gösterilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu bölümde, ele alınan tekstil işletmesinin, bir iş istasyonunda yapılan İş Etüdü uygulamasına yer verilmiştir. Bu uygulamanın neticesi, üretim planlama ve işletme yönetimine sağladığı bilgiler açısından san derece önemlidir. vii
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN »PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL“ AND »WORK STUDY» AND AN APPLICATION TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY As it's known widely, ”production planning & control“ and ”work study“ are the two main branches of industrial engineering. Production planning & control aims to maximize the total profit of the plant, to maximize the efficiency by allocating the resources in the most conceivable way. At the same time, it concerns on satisfying the needs of the demanders, taking into account the available factors of production. ”Work Study“ which is the other branch of Ind. Eng. is concerned on how the process be made in a more ergonomic and economic way. By measuring the time intervals of process, it helps to show how long it takes to forego the production. Industrial engineering is a productive science, and is applicable to any company which have inputs and outputs. The sector hereby mentioned is the textiles industry which has grave importance to Türkiye. Previously constituting a great part as semi-processed or raw material our textile products began to hold their place as processed materials in exports. At the plant the application took place, the fibers are processed to give threed. The steps taken in between is explained in detail in. Chapter. 2. Production systems are with held as, ”production regarding orders“, ”production in lots“ and ”continous production“. In ”production regarding orders“, the production is small in size, although product differentiation is^ gareat. Due to the uncertainty of the demand, problems can be fared with during production steps. As in the case of ”production in lots“, similar or same type of products are produced to compensate certain orders or continous demand. Production planning and control actions are realized easily in this way. In ”continous production“, production is made in great batches. Product differentiation is less, giving rise to a production planning which is much more easier than the above mentioned types of production systems. VlllProduction planning functions are also diversified, due several criteria. Regarding the interval time, production planning is classified as long-term, medium-term and short-term planning. Besides, regarding the production undertaken, the production planning may be classified as ”continous production“ and ”production regarding orders“. Also, production planning can be classified due workshop type. When preparing the planning, it's needed to accrue a ”pre planning“ step. In this step, primarily ”sales forecesting“, ”production design“ and ”plant investment policy“ are crucial. The further made production planning is concerned on the product produced. At this step, material, method, equipment and labour are planned. Programming is made by routing and forecasting. In order to construct a satisfactory production planning, it's necessary to know the available capacity. Capacity, may be defined as the inputs used in the production. Without knowing how much demand may be satisfied, production planning won't be efficient. The information on production planning are available in Chapter 3. By the use of production planning it's expected to know, how much of any product be produced in certain periods, the inventory levels, the order size, the over-time, the extra shift use, the idle capacity, labour level and the changes in this level, material supply program, the machinery and hardware need, the production and the purchasing decisions. All these actions are functions of the main production planning. Production planning and control, takes decisions in the processes concerning production and checks them in the application step. The aim of production planning is to maximize the profit by bringing labour, equipment and the hardware placement together, within the obtainable limits. It's also aimed to construct the most suitable model in the correct time. As production planning and control importance extent is zone this far, it's crucial for this unit to have an inner structure to enable it's production planning & control functions to maintain an efficient level. The exercised plant is concentrated on several types of thread production. Orders are small in size and differentiation is great. The exerted production is ”production regarding orders“. Sudden changes in production and order withdrawal is seen. Because of this fact, only ”short-term planning“ is performed. During production, all the machinery and equipment is linked with each other in series. For this reason, it's named as ”Flow Shop Production“. Another important branch of industrial engineering is ”Work Study“. A general definition of ”Work Study“ can be made as the ixtechnique - especially used for ”methodical study“ and ”work measure ment“ - which includes all the factors effecting development, economically and efficiently”. Work study techniques include the methods of determining the time to complete the work and also the way to improve them. By the help of“work study”, effective and ineffective time is differentiated and measured. The attained conclusions, may foresee a change in the method to lessen the ineffective time. Also, the alternative methods. established by the method study may be compared and in conjunction with the method study, the work burden in a group of workers may be determined. work study comprises of“methodical study”and“work measure ment”in basis. By use of“methodical studies”easier and more efficient methods can be improved, applied and by criticizing the performed or recommended methods the ways of cost reduction can be found. This way, it's probable to incline to the suitability of the methods and new methods may be improved. Methodical study, is interested in any kind of work done by humans,.machinery and human - machninery systems. If necessary it re - arranges the procedure and methods. Plant arrangement, installation and hardware designs are arranged, an enhancement in labour efficiency may be obtained, the use of materials, tools and labour may be arranged, better working conditions may be developed. The present method is shown in the process schemes as standard symbols. By the use of these symbols the basic process scheme is easily recorded. After the method is investigated, the necessary arrangements made-, the unnecessary material and worker movements destroyed and effective methods developed, the effectiveness of the new method and the ineffective time is determined by applying work measurement methods. Work measurement not only reduces the ineffective time, but also helps to determine the standard time periods for completing works. In conjunction with the methodical studies, work measurements measure the work burden of individuals in a worker group and concentrates on this issue. Production planning calculates thenecessary production level for machninery and also the need for labour. At the same time, it provides information to forecast orders. The most widely used work measurement method is“chronometric method”. This is done by measuring the time intervals of each work using a chronometer. Adding the worker tempo and extra coefficients, the standard time to complete that work is calculated. Far example to figure at the standard time of the worker the undermentioned formula may be used : T_ : Measured actual time i T.. : Calculated normal time T : Calculatad standard time s. i H : The foreseen tempo P. : The added coefficients TN. = V * Hi i i There's a direct relation between work study and productivity and production planning & control. Production planning and control means, arranging the necessary components to ease the production of certain products to be further produced and also to undergo these policies and the control of productivity. The purpose of production planning and control is to increase the productivity and to obtain a certain stability in production. Apart from this, work study may be defined as the science of improving methods to ease production economically and efficiently. The present methods are investigated and new arrangements are developed to ease the work. xiAs a result, both af the sciences concern about increasing the productivity to a certain level and reducing the costs. Using the“work study”all the goods and bads of a company is brought into light. The plant capacity and labour need is determined and planned, the measures to correct the deviations can be taken. Hence, production planning & control and work study are directly affecting each other. The capacity values used in the preparation of a production plan is found by work studies. The manual hourly productive values of workers are determined by the use of“Work measurements”. Without work study applications it's impossible to determine the“hourly production capacities”of people. The data needed for material specifications is again gathered during work studies. It's again applicable in production planning to use work studies. It's hereby understand that work study is a very effective science.in production planning. xxi
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